In all vertebrates, including humans, the L-lactate form is by far the most abundant and pathophysiologically significant, and it is this form that is specifically measured by the lactate sensors in blood gas analyzers and indeed all routine methods used to measure lactate in the clinical laboratory. The main focus of this brief review is physiological and pathological aspects that distinguish ...

Blood lactate concentrations reflect the balance between lactate production and clearance. During glycolysis in resting state, most glucose is converted to pyruvate. Pyruvate is metabolized through the aerobic pathway, to acetyl-CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) to enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle that is the main source of energy for cellular metabolism. In times of stress, tissue oxygen (...

Increased glucose uptake and accumulation of lactate, even under normoxic conditions (i.e., aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg Effect), is a common feature of cancer cells. This phenomenon clearly indicates that lactate is not a surrogate of tumor hypoxia. Tumor lactate can predict for metastases and overall survival of patients, as shown by several studies of different entities. Metastasis of t...

Objective: Fetal scalp lactate has largely replaced pH analysis to assess intrapartum hypoxia. Many obstetrics units use hand-held lactate meters to measure umbilical blood because of its affordability and ease of use. We sought to investigate the agreement of Lactate Pro with a reference method blood gas analyser and to determine its usefulness with a recommended cutoff value of 4.8 mmol/L. Me...

Lactic acid represents a major exogenous nutrient for the developing fetal lamb in utero. Our study was undertaken (a) to quantitate the net consumption of lactate by the fetus, (b) to quantitate the net lactate production and metabolism by the placenta, and (c) to compare the net fetal lactate consumption with fetal lactate use, measured simultaneously with radioactive tracers. 14 pregnant she...

To monitor changes in the concentration of blood lactate during physical exercise, we used an automated lactate analyzer based on an electro-enzymatic method with continuous blood sampling through a catheter. The lactate concentration was measured every 2 min; between measurements, the instrument was calibrated with a lactate standard. Ascorbic acid, bilirubin, hemoglobin, creatinine, uric acid...

Key points † This study addresses the uptake of lactate after central venous or portal infusion in pigs. † Lactate metabolism is important for understanding the haemodynamics and regional blood flow of sepsis. † Lactate infused into the portal vein is removed mainly by the liver, whereas central venous infusion results in less uptake by the liver. Background. The rate of extra-hepatic lactate p...

BACKGROUND Lactate has been shown to be a prognostic biomarker in trauma. Although lactate clearance has already been proposed as an intermediate endpoint in randomized trials, its precise role in trauma patients remains to be determined. METHODS Blood lactate levels and lactate clearance (LC) were calculated at admission and 2 and 4 h later in trauma patients. The association of initial bloo...

We examined the effects of increasing a known lactate transporter protein, monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), on lactate extrusion from human skeletal muscle during exercise. Before and after short-term bicycle ergometry training [2 h/day, 7 days at 65% maximal oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 max)], subjects ( n = 7) completed a continuous bicycle ergometer ride at 30%V˙o 2 max (15 min), 60%V˙o 2 ...