Qb bacteriophage virus-like particles (Qb-VLP) are utilized as carriers to enhance immune responses to weakly or non-immunogenic antigens such as peptides and haptens. Qb-VLPs are formed through the self-assembly of multiple Qb capsid protein monomers, a process which traps a large amount of bacterial RNA in the core of the VLP. Bacterial RNA is known to activate the innate immune system via TL...

Different formatsthe indirect ELISAs with either peptide or the E7 whole protein as antigens and the more recent GST-E7 capture ELISA have been employed in sero-epidemiological studies for the determination of HPV infection. Further, several studies have attempted to correlate seroprevalence with prognosis and/or early diagnosis of cancer. This study compares the efficacy of ELISA in sero-detec...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection leads to a spectrum of disease from genital warts to precancerous lesions to cervical and anal cancer and is a worldwide public health problem of epidemic proportions. Unique to HPV-related neoplasia, the presence of specific viral antigens such as the L1 capsid structural protein and the oncoproteins E6 and E7 provide opportunities for vaccine therapy. Alth...

Specifications of information systems applications are often based on the use of entity–relationship (ER) and data-flow diagrams (DFD), which cover, respectively, the conceptual modelling of data and funtions. This paper introduces VLP: an executable visual language for formal specifications and prototyping which integrates ER and DFD diagrams in a semantically rigorous and clear way. Unlike ex...

Current influenza vaccines do not provide broad cross-protection. Here, we report that intranasal vaccination with virus-like particles containing the highly conserved multiple ectodomains of matrix protein 2 (M2e5x VLP) of influenza virus induces broad cross-protection by M2-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. M2e5x VLP intranasal vaccination prevented severe weight loss, attenuate...

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are a class of subunit vaccines that differentiate themselves from soluble recombinant antigens by stronger protective immunogenicity associated with the VLP structure. Like parental viruses, VLPs can be either non-enveloped or enveloped, and they can form following expression of one or several viral structural proteins in a recombinant heterologous system. Depending...

Since several years it has been accepted that persistent infection with certain (so called-high risk: HR) types of Human papillomaviruses (HPV) represents a strong risk factor for cervical cancer. The most frequent HR HPV types 16 and 18 account for about 70% of this tumour, which is the second most frequent malignancy in women worldwide. Several studies in animal papillomavirus models revealed...

BACKGROUND Currently, Asian lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has become widespread across continents. These viruses are persistently circulating among poultry populations in endemic regions, causing huge economic losses, and raising concerns about an H5N1 pandemic. To control HPAI H5N1, effective vaccines for poultry are urgently needed. OBJECTIVE In this study, we develo...

This paper proposes a 2-D vehicular visible light positioning (VLP) system using existing streetlights and diversity receivers. Due to the linear arrangement of streetlights, traditional techniques based on triangulation or similar algorithms fail. Thus, in this work, we propose spatial angular receiver with machine learning (ML) for VLP. It is shown that multi-layer neural network (NN) propose...

this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of pe in patients with v/q scans interpreted as representing a very low probability (vlp) of pe (1-3 small segmental perfusion defects with a normal chest radiograph). an analysis of the entire data set obtained during the pioped study was performed. of the total of 1,359 patients in whom the presence or absence of pe was confirmed, 80 (6%) p...