A review is given of nucleation and growth models as applied to the earliest stages of thin film growth. Rate equations, kinetic Monte Carlo, and level set simulations are described in some detail, with discussion of remaining uncertainties, in particular the functional form of the so-called capture numbers in rate equations. Recent examples are given of sub-monolayer nucleation at surface defe...

In this research oxidation kinetic panceuo.s (P.S) by S2O8-2 at the presence of AgNO3 ascatalyst was studied.The method was spectrophotometer following absorption spectrum (P.S) inwave length of 518 nm. After improving the condition such as PH, P.S concentration, K2S2O8concentration, ionic strength, temperature, rate constant, activation energy, constant frequency,order reaction and thermo dyna...

We give a brief overview of the kinetic theory for spin-1/2 fermions in Wigner function formalism. The chiral and spin equations can be derived from functions. A general has 16 components which satisfy 32 coupled equations. For massless fermions, number independent significantly reduced due to decoupling left-handed right-handed particles. It proved that out many functions their equations, only...