This paper provides non-technical summaries of theories which posit a relationship between aggregate employment and real wages and presents results from Australian and selected overseas empirical studies. Neoclasssical supply side theories assume that real wages, for given endowments of physical capital, primarily influence the cost of employing labour, and have an inverse relationship to aggre...

This survey serves as the ninth in a series of toxicology salary surveys conducted at 3-year intervals and beginning in 1988. An electronic survey instrument was distributed to 5919 individuals including members of the Society of Toxicology, American College of Toxicology, and 23 additional professional organizations. Question items inquired about gender, age, degree, years of experience, certi...

This paper aims at answering the question: How does a typically European bargaining system |with collective bargaining, extension mechanisms and national minimum wage |coexist with low unemployment rate and high wage °exibility? A unique data set on workers, ̄rms and collective bargaining contracts in the Portuguese economy is used to analyze the determinants of both the bargained wage and the ...

Using macro level data on MGNREGA performance in drought-prone states of Karnataka and Rajasthan as well as in irrigation-dominated state of Andhra Pradesh, this study has revealed that the impact of MGNREGA wage on the economic scarcity of labour is relatively modest when compared with the impact of hike in non-farm wages. Even though the provision of food security through public distribution ...

terms, too high a level of aggregate wages reflects an imbalance of labour market power between active participants in the labour market (insiders), and those with a less effective presence (outsiders). Such an imbalance can diminish the benefits of productivity-enhancing reforms if the increase in productivity is captured predominantly by those already employed, in the form of higher wages, ra...

This paper examines the potential causes of the “ripple effect” of minimum wages. This wage spillover is thought to result from labor demand substitution: where the rising minimum increases the demand for more-skilled workers who become relatively inexpensive. However, the rising minimum also affects the relative wages across hedonically distinct occupations because it lowers compensating wage ...

This paper uses matched employer-employee data to examine the wage responses a mandatory social insurance reform program in Ethiopia. By relying on firm-level differences alternative pre-reform contributory schemes, we extent which employers shifted cost of workers terms lower wages. We find partial switching that varies by workers’ employment history. Wages recent hires treatment firms show de...

This paper addresses whether the initial declines in the manufacturing and real wages in transition economies were anything unexpected to justify policy reversal, and whether the “often-recommended” foreign aid would have helped them curb these declines in any significant way. It answers these questions with the help of a two-sector three-factor small open economy model and simulation exercises...

This paper investigates the effects of the large immigration wave experienced by Spanish regions in the period 1998-2008. We provide causal estimates of the effects of immigration on the main determinants of income and wages and simulate the response of Spanish regional economies to the immigration shocks in the data. We show that immigration is responsible for slower income per capita and labo...

This paper estimates the e¤ect of education and occupation speci…c work experience on wages using a dynamic structural model of human capital accumulation. In the model, forward looking workers endogenously accumulate both education and occupation speci…c work experience. Individuals have di¤erent preferences for attending school and heterogeneous abilities in each occupation. The model is esti...