Males among many species, including humans, evaluate cues of sperm competition risk and adjust accordingly their sperm competition tactics. The number of potential sexual rivals can serve as an index of sperm competition risk. Therefore, men may adjust their in-pair copulatory interest in accordance with the presence of sexual rivals. Using self-reports from 45 married men, we test the hypothes...

Mohammad-Karim Pirnia, one of the most prominent scholars of the history of Iranian architecture, has recorded two major achievements: the principles of Iranian architecture and the stylistics of Iranian architecture. In this article we will discuss his suggested principles for Iranian architecture. For this purpose, we will first show how his five principles have evolved and completed th...

Karim Saei was born in 1910, in Mashhad, north eastern Iran, where he got his diploma. He left behind his homeland for Karaj city to study at the Faculty of Agriculture of Tehran University. He passed his course very successfully and received his B.Sc. degree in 1931 followed by a scholarship to study for 2 years at Agronomic Institute in Montpellier, France. He graduated M.Sc. with excellent g...

We investigate the financial and real implications of corporate cash holdings over different capital market conditions in the period 1972-2008. A recent theoretical work implies that the value of corporate liquidity varies with the supply of external capital and should be higher during market-wide liquidity shocks. We find that for an average firm a marginal dollar in cash holdings has the same...

The royal entry festival held for Henri II and Catherine de Medici in Rouen (October 1550) was, by all accounts, among the most spectacular ever staged. It included warring gladiators, elephants, and unicorns; mock sea battles between French and Portuguese ships; a parade of captives from recent victories over the English; pageants with Roman gods, nymphs, and muses; and a whole array of exotic...

This case describes the physiological maturation from ages 21 to 28 yr of the bicyclist who has now become the six-time consecutive Grand Champion of the Tour de France, at ages 27-32 yr. Maximal oxygen uptake (Vo(2 max)) in the trained state remained at approximately 6 l/min, lean body weight remained at approximately 70 kg, and maximal heart rate declined from 207 to 200 beats/min. Blood lact...