A heterogeneous process for the hydrolysis of bamboo into reducing sugars, a process catalyzed by biomass char sulfonic acids (BC-SO3Hs), was carried out under microwave irradiation. This transformation technology was nearly ineffective with regards to the hydrolysis of fresh bamboo because of the impeding lignin that was wrapped around the cellulose, but the hydrolysis proceeded efficiently wh...

Assimilating hydrophilic hollow polymer spheres (HPS) into Nafion matrix by a loading of 0.5 wt % led to a restructured hydrophilic channel, composed of the pendant sulfonic acid groups (–SO3H) and the imbedded hydrophilic hollow spheres. The tiny hydrophilic hollow chamber was critical to retaining moisture and facilitating proton transfer in the composite membranes. To obtain such a tiny cavi...

Co3O4/NiO@GQDs@SO3H nanocatalyst has been used as an effective catalyst for the preparation of benzopyranopyridines through a four-component reaction of salicylaldehydes, thiols and 2 equiv of malononitrile under reflux condition in ethanol. The catalyst has been characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS, BET, XPS, TGA and VSM. Atom economy, reusable catalyst, low catalyst loading, applicability to...

1. The intoxication produced by the intravenous injection of inert substances such as kaolin is due to protein split products derived from the serum proteins. 2. The kaolin acts as an adsorbing medium for the serum antiferment, bringing about an alteration in the ferment-antiferment balance. 3. The intoxication is accompanied by an increase in serum protease, and of proteoses. 4. The serum lipa...

To confirm the method for preparing artificially spiked soil with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), we tested the homogeneity of PAHs in spiked soils, which were prepared by three different procedures, by using kaolin and ando soil. When the slurry of kaolin and acetone containing PAHs were evaporated by a rotary evaporator at 30 - 35 degrees C, the most homogeneous distribution of PAHs ...

To investigate the origin of differences in previously published pulmonary function studies of workers in kaolin plants in Georgia, spirometric and radiographic data collected in a cross sectional survey of two large plants were analysed. As compared with workers in plant 2, workers in plant 1 had a 2.7-fold greater prevalence of pneumoconiosis and a mean 0.361 decrement in adjusted forced vita...

Dispersion coating may represent an alternative technology to extrusion coating, currently dominating the market of coated paper-based packaging. Being processed as inks, dispersion coatings can be applied with conventional equipment, achieving lower dry coat grammages. In this work, two styrene-butadiene-based (Tg1 ? 0 °C; Tg2 15 °C) filled different amounts kaolin were developed and rod-coate...

Atactic polystyrene (PS) has an amorphous structure. Compounds such as H2SO4 and SO3 are commonly used as sulfonating agents for various polymers, including PS. The main purpose of this work is to study chemical structural changes in PS arising from sulfonation through DSC analysis and NMR spectroscopy. An increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of sulfonated polystyrene and a decreas...

Sulfonic acid functionalized SBA-15 (SBA-Pr-SO3H) with pore size 6 nm as an efficient heterogeneous nanoporous solid acid catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity in the Biginelli-like reaction in the synthesis of spiroheterobicyclic rings with good yield and good recyclability. Spiro-pyrimidinethiones/spiro-pyrimidinones-barbituric acid derivatives were synthesized in a simple and efficient ...