Fractures of the proximal humerus may involve either the true articular surface of the glenohumeral joint, the gliding surface of the subacromial joint, or both. Glenohumeral motion and strength rely on intact joints and on the coordinated interplay of the muscles and tendons around the shoulder. Contraction of the muscles of the rotator cuff creates a stabilising compressive force, with a down...

INTRODUCTION An understanding of abnormal finger motion depends on a basic knowledge of normal functional anatomy, which can be found in the contributions made by Eyler and Markee (! 954), Kaplan (! 953), Milford (! 968), Stack (! 962), Tubiana and Valeillin (1963). It is then possible to appreciate that the finger is a combination of two biarticular, bimuscular ~ystems: a proximal system consi...

BACKGROUND The glenohumeral joint is the most mobile joint in the human body due to the shallowness of the glenoid socket. This unique anatomy also makes it the most dislocated joint in humans. All the techniques described so far for relocation require operator control and prescription drugs. We describe a technique that is unique, easy, and patient-controlled. CASE REPORT A 29-year-old male ...

The mechanical role of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments in the passive and functional stability of the knee joint has been well documented. Both these knee joint ligaments contain Ruffini, Pacinian, Golgi and free nerve endings with different capabilities of providing the central nervous system with information regarding movement and position as well as chemical events. The posteri...

Surgical arthrodesis is effective for treating proximal interphalangeal joint (PIJ) injuries in horses. Despite several techniques described so far, the use of a 3-hole, 4.5mm-locking compression plate, associated with two 5.5-mm transarticular cortex screws, currently considered “gold standard.” This review describes anatomy pastern, as well causes, indications, and possibilities equine PIJ. A...

The diagnostic accuracy of double-contrast arthrotomography in the evaluation of internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint is unknown. Therefore, findings from double-contrast arthrotomograms of 48 temporomandibular joint autopsy specimens were correlated with postmortem morphology seen from dissections or cryosections. Arthrotomographic diagnosis was confirmed in 41 joints, signifyin...

BACKGROUND Sacrum is a triangular bone placed in the base of the spine and formed by the synostosis of five sacral vertebrae (S1-S5). Its upper part is connected with the inferior surface of the body of L5 vertebra forming the lumbosacral joint, while its lower part is connected with the base of the coccyx forming the sacrococcygeal symphysis, an amphiarthrodial joint. The existence of four pai...

Sternoclavicular joint dislocation is a rare event. It occurs most often in a violent trauma. The authors report the case of a10 years old child, received at emergencies for right shoulder blunt trauma after been punched by another child. He presented with right shoulder pain, right upper limb functional impairment and right sternoclavicular joint depression. Standard chest radiographs were nor...

The variability of symptoms and the fact that they are not easily recognized in imaging studies make the diagnosis and treatment of posterior meniscal roots lesions a challenging task to the orthopedist. In recent years, a more precise understanding of the anatomy and biomechanical impair of the knee joint in these cases has enabled great advances in therapeutic approaches. Well-documented stud...