abstract: the present study is an attempt to find out cultural exophoric references in iranian high-school elt textbooks and touch stone series to compare the frequency of occurrence of such references in these books. the purpose is to find out which of the series of the books under investigation impose a greater referential burden on efl learners as far as their reading comprehension of the ...

Drought can occur at such times when variables such as rainfall depth, run-off, soil moisture, etc. show a deficiency, or variables such as temperature show an increase, or when ground water level shows a decrease in comparison with the average level. Therefore, drought can be evaluated with respect to agricultural, meteorological, or hydrological variability. In this research, considering the ...

current studies in second language (l2) learning have revealed the positive role of corrective feedback (cf) in both oral and written forms in different language features. the present study was an attempt to investigate the effect of both direct and indirect written corrective feedback (wcf) on the use of grammatical collocations in l2 writing. the study also sought to examine whether the effec...

abstract pragmatics is the study of communicative action in its sociocultural context. communicative action includes not only using speech acts (such as apologizing, complaining, complimenting, and requesting), but also engaging in different types of discourse and participating in speech events of varying length and complexity. the present study aimed to investigate the assessment of pragm...

Drought can occur at such times when variables such as rainfall depth, run-off, soil moisture, etc. show a deficiency, or variables such as temperature show an increase, or when ground water level shows a decrease in comparison with the average level. Therefore, drought can be evaluated with respect to agricultural, meteorological, or hydrological variability. In this research, considering the ...

Climate change is an unprecedented change are taking place. Changes of meteorological parameters such as precipitation, maximum and minimum temperatures. Since weather forecasting is important for these parameters, in this study, the performance of Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM and Lars-WG) were used to predict temperature and precipitation and mean of these changes for the periods 2046-2...

in this thesis, we exploit a simple and suitable method for immobilization of copper(ii) complex of 4?-phenyl-terpyridine on activated multi-walled carbon nanotubes [amwcnts-o-cu(ii)-phtpy]. this nanostructure was characterized by various physico-chemical techniques. to ensure the efficiency and fidelity of copper species, the implementation of three-component strategies in click-chemistry all...

The purpose of this research was to investigate the trend of annual changes in Yazd stationchr('39')s meteorological parameters including minimum and maximum average daily temperature and average daily precipitation (1961-2005), as well as the predicted annual mean of these parameters in the three upcoming thirty years of the 2040s, 2070s and 2100s, by the SDSM model, under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8...

the images of muslims in media, literature and politics have been mostly black and white portrayals of a people alien to modernity, civilization, rationality and pluralism. since the end of the cold war and the onset of deadly terrorist attacks in different areas of the world, especially in the united states, these representations show a palpable difference: muslims are represented not only as ...