We argue that a lineup is diagnostic to the extent that it reveals information from recognition memory that was not available from the eyewitness^ recall memory Accordingly, lineup diagnosticity is denned as the probability that an innocent suspect is identified by the witness when lineup members resemble the eyewitness's prelineup description. Navon (1990) argued that this definition underesti...

We have directly measured the mm-wave wake fields induced by subpicosecond, intense relativistic electron bunches in a diamond loaded accelerating structure via the dielectric wake-field acceleration mechanism. Fields produced by a leading drive beam were used to accelerate a trailing witness electron bunch which followed the driving bunch at an adjustable distance. The energy change of the wit...

We explain several separability criteria which rely on uncertainty relations. For the derivation of these criteria uncertainty relations in terms of variances or entropies can be used. We investigate the strength of the separability conditions for the case of two qubits and show how they can improve entanglement witnesses.

The jury trial, which is a hallmark of the Anglo-American adversary system, requires close attention to the evidence that it is permissible for the lay jurors to hear. No evidentiary issue has proved more contentious than the admissibility of witnesses’, especially defendants’, prior criminal history because of concern that the lay jurors might prejudicially infer present guilt from past crimin...

We construct a quantumness witness following the work of Alicki & van Ryn (AvR). We reformulate the AvR test by defining it for quantum states rather than for observables. This allows us to identify the necessary quantities and resources to detect quantumness for any given system. The first quantity turns out to be the purity of the system. When applying the witness to a system with even modera...

The Valiant-Vazirani Isolation Lemma [TCS, vol. 47, pp. 85–93, 1986] provides an efficient procedure for isolating a satisfying assignment of a given satisfiable circuit: given a Boolean circuit C on n input variables, the procedure outputs a new circuit C ′ on the same n input variables with the property that the set of satisfying assignments for C ′ is a subset of those for C, and moreover, i...

Mental health expert witness testimony involves complex tasks, and the capacity to perform under pressure is a fundamental skill of a forensic professional. In this context, it is important to understand the nuances of the provision of expert witness testimony. There have been several efforts to examine gender bias across legal and medical systems. Despite these reviews, little is known about h...

We study witness-isomorphic reductions, a type of structure-preserving reduction between NP-decision problems. We show that witness-isomorphic reductions can be used in a uniform approach to the local search problem

Proximity graphs are used in several areas in which a neighborliness relationship for input data sets is a useful tool in their analysis, and have also received substantial attention from the graph drawing community, as they are a natural way of implicitly representing graphs. However, as a tool for graph representation, proximity graphs have some limitations that may be overcome with suitable ...

The prospect of dealing with a rapidly and inexorably bleeding patient fills most medical practitioners with alarm. When that patient is a Jehovah's Witness, the knowledge that a blood transfusion is likely to be refused turns that alarm into a state of acute anxiety and conflict. This state is further heightened when the patient is young and otherwise healthy--a situation found particularly in...