historically, turkish-russian relations have been cold and distant. during the cold war, the two former rivals viewed each other with hostility. after the fall of the ussr and in the early 1990s, the grounds were paved for the improvement in the bilateral ties. even though the two states have different military and security concerns, they have established closer relations in economic and trade ...

Today, various countries worldwide have managed to eliminate many obstacles that been in the way of improving welfare their people over years by developing international relations. Two most significant are securing financial resources and gaining access technology market. Implementing sanctions against target indicates economic failed improve human rights situation exacerbated it. One main leve...

Although terrorism has been widely studied for its impact and potential determinants in Pakistan, the answer to policy question regarding role of external factors influencing specifically sectarian is not empirically well researched. The study, particularly, analyses Pakistan’s regional foreign towards neighbouring India, Afghan wars, relations with bi-polar fundamental Muslim Block, Kingdom Sa...

In this study, we tried to calculate Iran’s green growth index and compare it with four selected OECD countries in the continent of Asia, Turkey, Japan, Korea, Israel 2015 by applying Green Index, Technique for Order Preference Similarity Ideal Solution. Our research provides a new methodology rank different based on indicators. Applying both methods, Iran ranked fourth among countries. Iran, c...

The main purpose of this article is to analyze the impact external determinants on Poland-Iran political relations during presidency Hassan Rouhani between 2013-2021. analysis based a set conditions that determine their bilateral relations. These include nuclear agreement concluded with Iran in 2015, policy United States particular emphasis extended sanctions imposed Iran, European Union’s towa...

Among non-oil exports and in trade arena, drug has always been strategic importance and most government especially industrialized countries pay special attention to its production and trade issues. Thus, having a comprehensive view from economic perspective to this section is essential for suggesting intervention. This was a descriptive-analytical and panel study. In this study, gravity model i...

the growth of regional trade blocks has been one of the major developments in international relations in recent years. regional agreements vary widely but, all have the objective of reducing barriers to trade between member countries that in most cases result in increasingly trade flows and economic growth. this paper attempts to explore the results of trade integration in eco, eu and oic block...