This study aims to evaluate the secondary metabolites, cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities of four selected seaweeds Padina pavonica, Taonia atomaria, Jania rubens, Corallina elongata. The maximum value phenolic content (176.7 ± 6.9 mg gallic acid equivalents/g crude extract) tannin (26.5 4.3 tannic extract), was shown in methanol extract J. rub...

Abstract. The isotopic composition of carbon in macroalgae (?13C) is highly variable, and its prediction complex concerning terrestrial plants. determinants ?13C macroalgal variations were analyzed a large stock specimens that vary taxa morphology collected shallow marine habitats the Gulf California (GC) with distinctive environmental conditions. A variability (?34.6 ‰ to ?2.2 ‰) was observed....

The morphology and molecular composition of intercellular adherens junctions have most frequently been described in epithelial cells and the fascia adhaerens of the intercalated disc. A group of cytoplasmic molecules is known to be associated with adherens junctions. The intercellular bond is mediated by cadherins which bridge the cells by homophilic binding. Recently, endothelial cells have al...

Microalgal-bacterial interactions are commonly found in marine environments and are well known in diatom cultures maintained in laboratory. These interactions also exert strong effects on bacterial and algal diversity in the oceans. Small green eukaryote algae of the class Mamiellophyceae (Chlorophyta) are ubiquitous and some species, such as Ostreococcus spp., are particularly important in Med...

When teaching an introductory zoology course, it is always entertaining to show students some specimens of the only described species of placozoans—Trichoplax adhaerens, a tiny, simple, nearly worldwide marine organism (Figure 1) [1,2]. The inevitable disbelief—those are animals?—leads naturally to enumerating the shared derived features of all animals (Box 1) and in turn to discussing the rela...

In this study, 207 strains of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from the gut of Holotrichia parallela larvae. These bacterial isolates were assigned to 21 genotypes by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA). A partial 16S rDNA sequence analysis and standard biochemical and physiological tests were used for the assignment of the 21 representati...

INTRODUCTION In a recent review (Smythies and Edelstein, 2013b) we described the structure and function of a new form of interstitial cell found in most mammalian organs, the telocyte/cordocyte (T/C) co-discovered and ascribed accordingly by teams led by Laurentiu Popescu (Popescu et al., 2005; “telocytes”) and Viorel Pais (Danaila and Pais, 2011; Pais et al., 2012, 2013a,b; “cordocytes”). The ...

The phylum Placozoa holds a key position for our understanding of the evolution of mitochondrial genomes in Metazoa. Placozoans possess large mitochondrial genomes which harbor several remarkable characteristics such as a fragmented cox1 gene and trans-splicing cox1 introns. A previous study also suggested the existence of cox1 mRNA editing in Trichoplax adhaerens, yet the only formally describ...

Pax genes play key regulatory roles in embryonic and sensory organ development in metazoans but their evolution and ancestral functions remain widely unresolved. We have isolated a Pax gene from Placozoa, beside Porifera the only metazoan phylum that completely lacks nerve and sensory cells or organs. These simplest known metazoans also lack any kind of symmetry, organs, extracellular matrix, b...