This study examines whether the relation between acute cannabis use and syringe sharing during single injection days is similar among regular and nonregular users, participating in a cohort study of injection drug users in Montréal, Canada. 236 (36.6%) subjects were classified as regular cannabis users (RCUs), 227 (35.2%) as nonregular cannabis users (NRCUs), and 181 (28.1%) were abstinent. Can...

Truncated multivariate survival models are proposed for the analysis of data from the South Australian Methadone Program. Injecting drug users may have several entries to and exists from the program. A marginal approach for recurrent events is found to provide a useful and simplified basis for modeling the retention of injecting drug users on methadone. The likelihoods and results of fitting tw...

Bangladesh has an overall low HIV prevalence of <0.1% in the general population and <1% among key affected populations, but it is one of few Asian countries that has yet to reverse the epidemic. In order to do this, it is important to understand the transmission dynamics in this country. The aim of this study was to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of HIV-1 subtype C strains from Bang...

An investigation is currently underway to explore and control an outbreak of Bacillus anthracis among drug users (mainly injecting) in Scotland. Contaminated heroin or a contaminated cutting agent mixed with the heroin is considered to be the most likely source and vehicle of infection. Heroin users have been advised of the risk. The risk to the general public is regarded as very low.

background: substance abuse is as a health-related behavioral problem, which more or less all countries have to deal with it. this behavior has broad effects on the individual and societal level, thereforeidentifying factors associated with this behavior is necessary. this study compared rates of depression, anxiety and stress between drug abusers and non-abusers. methods: this was a descriptiv...

Introduction Septic arthritis of the hip is a rare entity in acute presentation of hip pain in adults. Even though hip is the second most commonly affected joint, adult patients with septic arthritis not related to a surgical procedure represent <0.00001% of total acute admissions. Case Report We present a 32-year-old female intravenous drug abuser, positive for Hepatitis B and C who had star...

There is relatively close contact among the Nordic countries with regard to drugs. Co-operation exists, for example, between enforcement agencies and customs services, on questions of policy, as well as in research activities. Nordic "co-operation" also takes place at the level of the drug users. Denmark, and particularly Copenhagen, has long been identified as a Nordic "Mecca" for buying drugs...

Employment has been identified as an important element in the rehabilitation of drug abusers and, together with abstinence from illicit drugs and criminal involvement, is frequently used as a criterion of treatment outcome. The research literature for the last 20 years on variables affecting employment and the vocational rehabilitation of drug abusers is reviewed with an emphasis on (a) the ide...