Could calculus on graphs have emerged by the time of Archimedes, if function, graph theory and matrix concepts were available 2300 years ago? 1. Single variable calculus Calculus on integers deals with functions f (x) like f (x) = x 2. The difference Df (x) = f (x) = f (x + 1) − f (x) = 2x + 1 as well as the sum Sf (x) = x−1 k=0 f (k) with the understanding Sf (0) = 0, Sf (−1) = f (−1) are func...

In the spirit of the symposium and the theme of the session of this presentation, 7 “Our solar system after Galileo, the grand vision,” I review briefly a relatively recently discovered 8 phenomenon in the solar system − existence of atmospheres on certain moons, including Io, one 9 of the four moons Galileo discovered four centuries ago. The origin of such atmospheres is 10 discussed, and comp...

Recent studies have cast doubt on the effectiveness of whipping horses during races and this has led to questions concerning its continuing justification. Furthermore, it has been argued that whipping tired horses in racing is the most televised form of violence to animals. The present study used de-identified data from a recent independent Australian poll (n = 1,533) to characterise the 26% of...

The study by Hacker Hughes The study by Hacker Hughes et al et al (2005) is (2005) is interesting but I wish to raise a few points. interesting but I wish to raise a few points. The end of pre-deployment mental health The end of pre-deployment mental health briefing was not the best time for assess-briefing was not the best time for assessment because the soldiers were aware that ment because t...

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between race horse breed and the frequency of limb injuries through the time of training and racing. The study population consisted of 4042 Thoroughbred and 2553 Arabian horses raced at Warsaw race Track, from 2000 to 2008. Among these horses, 94 Thoroughbreds and 32 Arabians had different limb injuries. Based on the achieved results, it is possi...

PURPOSE We examined the adjustment to societal change following the fall of communism in a group of Soviet war veterans from Russia and the Ukraine. The focus of the study was on the dynamics of identity development, and especially generativity, in a period of intense social upheaval. DESIGN AND METHODS We administered measures of self-esteem, life satisfaction, and generativity to 50 World W...