Pattern matching and variable binding are easily implemented in conventional computer architectures, but not necessarily in all architectures. In a distributed neural network architecture each symbol is represented by activity in many units and each unit contributes to the representation of many symbols. Manipulating symbols using this type of distributed representation is not as easy as with a...

We give an efficient decision procedure that, on input two (acyclic) cryptographic expressions making arbitrary use of an encryption scheme and a (length doubling) pseudorandom generator, determines (in polynomial time) if the two expressions produce computationally indistinguishable distributions for any pseudorandom generator and encryption scheme satisfying the standard security notions of p...

We investigated the generalization capabilities of backpropagation learning in feed forward and re current feed forward connectionist networks on the assignment of syllable boundaries to ortho graphic representations in Dutch hyphenation This is a di cult task because phonological and morphological constraints interact leading to am biguity in the input patterns We compared the results to di er...

The debate over symbolic versus sub-symbolic representations of human cognition has been continuing for thirty years, with little indication of a resolution. The argument is this: Does the human cognitive system use symbols as a representation of knowledge, and does it process symbols and their respective constituents? Or does the human cognitive system use a distributed representation of knowl...

The debate over symbolic versus sub-symbolic representations of human cognition has been continuing for thirty years, with little indication of a resolution. The argument is this: Does the human cognitive system use symbols as a representation of knowledge, and does it process symbols and their respective constituents? Or does the human cognitive system use a distributed representation of knowl...

Pollen research has been carried out on 81 detarioid genera (253 species) to define informative characters for taxonomic studies and cladistic analysis. There is a huge variety of pollen morphological structures, although the presence of intermediate forms prevents some from being informative as characters. Ultrastructure does, however, provide an important source of taxonomic and systematic in...

Does imagining a visual pattern involve the same mechanisms as actually seeing that pattern? If so, what are the functional consequences of this overlap? A new study shows that the simple act of imagining a visual pattern can change subsequent visual perception in a manner specific to the lowlevel perceptual mechanisms. This work is strong evidence that imagery involves mechanisms closely resem...

Martens et al. defined a pattern-based specification language equivalent in expressive power to the widely adopted XML Schema definitions (XSDs). This language consists of rules of the form (r, s) where r and s are regular expressions and can be seen as a type-free extension of DTDs with vertical regular expressions. Sets of such rules can be interpreted both in an existential or universal way....