Exploring further the properties of ITRM -recognizable reals started in [Ca], we provide a detailed analysis of recognizable reals and their distribution in Gödels constructible universe L. In particular, we show that new unrecognizables are generated at every index γ ≥ ω ω . We give a machine-independent characterization of recognizability by proving that a real r is recognizable iff it is Σ1-...

Phytoextraction may be applied at field scale when the removal of bioavailable metals is the specific target of the technology. Residual metals in soil can be considered substantially inert or to be evaluated by site specific risk analysis.

When two groups of market actors differ in how to interpret a common label, each can make claims over the label. One categorical interpretation and the group that supports it risk disappearance if the rival interpretation gains ground. We argue that when members of the endangered category become partial defectors that span categories, their history presents challenges to the identity of nondefe...

The conventional wisdom is that security priorities should be set by risk analysis. However, reality is subtly different: many computer security systems are at least as much about shedding liability as about minimising risk. Banks use computer security mechanisms to transfer liability to their customers; companies use them to transfer liability to their insurers, or (via the public prosecutor) ...

It has been found that risk analyses carried out in accordance with the European Standards and reflecting the specific detail of each application has led to a great escalation of cost of safety approval. Producing a separate risk analysis for each installation in a country increases the costs without discernable benefit. There is scope for making substantial cost reduction through new approache...

Once a fairly esoteric subject, risk analysis and measurement has become a critical function for both portfolio managers and traders. Yet, there are many practical challenges in accurately measuring and analyzing risk. These range from the construction of accurate and up-to-date risk models to subtle issues in the interpretation of the results of these models. This article provides a detailed o...

Motivation. The integral of lognormal random fields is the central quantity of many probabilistic models in portfolio risk analysis, spatial point processes, etc. (see, e.g., Liu and Xu [12, 14]). The current analysis is of interest particularly for risk analysis of short-term behavior of a large size portfolio under high correlations. We elaborate more on this application. Consider a portfolio...