Significance As a high-value luxury commodity, wine has been transported across the Mediterranean since Bronze Age. The trade was potentially disrupted during political and religious change brought about by Islamization in Early Medieval period; consumption is prohibited Islamic scripture. Utilizing quantitative criterion based on relative amounts of two fruit acids transport amphorae, we show ...

Sufism has generally been regarded as the confluence that helps to facilitate Islamization in Indonesia by opening accommodating spaces for local beliefs and practices. This article examines manuscripts historical records show concrete examples of how Sufi interpretations culture are constructed. is not only based on philological studies Abang Ahmad Tahir Manuscript Collections (MSS AAT) but al...

: Islamization and Islamophobia present two different narratives. Since Cold War, these narratives have been influencing Muslims globally, especially Pakistan due to its support of Talibanization during the Soviet (communist) invasion Afghanistan. Pakistan’s initial in coalition with America, where country yielded a religiously extremist status, provides premise suspect America West’s (capitali...

Scholars have explored the rise of far-right reactionary political parties in Europe over last decade. However, social movements reflecting similar orientations rarely been conceptualized as “reactionary.” To better understand transnational such Identitarians and Defence Leagues, we explore how why ethnonational symbols derived from medieval period are utilized by adherents. This interdisciplin...