Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tripoli, Libya d Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Research Laboratory (PEARL), D...

1Malaria Research Group, Biotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. 2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. 3Centre for Diseases Management and Control, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. 4Public Health Department, Ardebil University of Medical Science, Ardebil, Islamic Republic of Iran. ...

Recently there has been a heightened global concern over ‘contagion’ in the conventional financial markets. Our study is motivated by the desire to test empirically whether this contagion is reflected in the fast growing Islamic financial markets as well. This study is the first attempt at testing whether there has been any contagion among the Shari’ah-compliant stock markets during the most re...

shiism, like other islamic sects, believed in the existence of sharia as a comprehensive guide from allah. in the islamic primary sources, as in quran and traditions which are the primary basis for the political fiqh, sharia entered the political life arena of the moslems. from the early second century so far, shiite political fiqh started developing. this trend towards political fiqh was stren...

The struggle for power has been a persistent phenomenon throughout history, involving the rulers, general public, and various other interest groups. As one of these groups, the legal community has been in a unique position to regulate the relationship between the ruler and the public because of its dual responsibilities to provide services to the public and to impose constraints on the rulers. ...