Understanding and recognizing the tendencies and interests of the Middle Eastern people including the Arab countries in the region which is rooted in the identity discourses, is best achieved through carrying out scientific opinion polls.The considerable and periodic polls by Pew institute can be helpful in this regard. This study, through employing the discourse analysis method of Laclau and M...

phatic communion is a cultural concept which differs across cultures. according to hofstede (2001), the u.s. tends to have individualistic culture; however, asian countries tend to have collectivistic cultures. these cultures view phatic communion differently. in individualistic cultures like u.s., phatic communion reflects speakers’ socio-cultural relationships in conversations. to see whether...

About 20 years ago Necmettin Erbakan, the former Turkish Prime Minister, introduced his idea about theAbout 20 years ago Necmettin Erbakan, the former Turkish Prime Minister, introduced his idea about the establishing of an Islamic group of developing countries, with a large Muslim population and a high economic potential, to cooperate in economic and trade activities. . Using the shift share t...

Islamic banking has attracted much attention in the financial economics literature due to its rapid growth. Islamic banking has emerged as an alternative to the conventional form of banking and has grown rapidly in Muslim and non-Muslim countries over the past three decades. Islamic banks have expanded their bases in more than 60 countries around the world, and Islamic banks are expected to rec...

postcolonial feminism, also dubbed as third world feminism, is an innovative approach, demonstrating the way women of colonized countries suffer from both native patriarchies and imperial ideology. also due to this double-colonization, postcolonial feminists contend that third world women are subjected to both colonial domination of empire and male domination of patriarchy. while western femini...