After the drainage of chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs), residual isolated deep-seated hematomas (IDHs) may recur. We introduce intraoperative ultrasonography to detect and remove such IDHs. Intraoperative ultrasonography is performed with fine transducers introduced via burr holes. Images obtained before dural opening show the CSDHs, hyper- and/or hypoechoic content, and mono- or multilayers....

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the postoperative recurrence rates and alteration in follow-up brain CT radiographic results between patients with chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) treated by burr hole trephination with or without irrigation during the surgery. Methods: A total of 100 patients diagnosed with CSDH underwent burr hole trephination from January 2013 to May 2015. The ...

Surgical-site infection is a common form of noscomial infection that can occur in fractures following internal fixation. Treatment of these infections has traditionally included preserving stable implants via debridement and antibiotic administration while the fracture is healing. Recent evidence indicated that this algorithm results in less-than-optimal rates of fracture union and infection er...

Approximately 85% of the water consumed in Chile is destined to agricultural irrigation and is managed by the users themselves. This study analyzed the price that irrigation water users pay to their Water User Associations (WUAs) to which they belong and the relationship of this price to the professional level and performance of the WUAs. The study included 24 WUAs: 10 River Administration Boar...

For improving water scarcity and groundwater pollution from agriculture, two-year experiments (2011–2013) with three water levels (0.3, 0.5 and 0.8 evaporation (E) in 20-cm-diameter pans) and four nitrogen (N) levels (120, 140 and 190 kg·ha−1 in 2012 and 120, 190 and 290 kg·ha−1 in 2013) were conducted to study effects of water and N availability on water movement and N transport for a wheat cr...

Although the term precision irrigation is now quite widely used, often to mean drip irrigation, there is no commonly accepted definition or conceptualisation of the term, and no cohesive framework to guide research, development or adoption. This paper is reporting on a review of precision irrigation funded by NPSI. This review is considering the role of current irrigation application technologi...

OBJECTIVE Patients with diabetes often present with pedal wounds resistant to standard wound healing modalities and become chronic in nature. These chronic wounds in diabetic patients have a high incidence of complications including infection and amputation. Negative pressure wound therapy has been found to facilitate healing of the stagnant pedal wound. This protocol was designed to determine ...

The objective of this field study was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of mammary irrigation for the treatment of dairy cattle diagnosed with acute coliform mastitis caused by gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, the effects of different mammary irrigation regimen fluids such as ozone water and normal saline were compared. Dairy cattle clinically diagnosed with acute coliform mastitis (n ...

Irrigation canal simulation models are representations of physical irrigation systems in computer which can be calibrated to simulate and optimize the actual canal hydraulics and operational conditions. This paper presents hydraulic simulation of canal reaches and structures of Lower Bari Doab Canal for effective canal management and operations to improve the performance of an irrigation system...