Crop water requirements of Roma tomato that planted on different spacing for four treatment and its replications in Nyagatare district Kinihira village have been computed with CROPWAT 8.0 using the meteorological parameters. The requirement was evapotranspiration (ET0), effective rainfall, Net Irrigation demand, Gross demand irrigation interval crops grown computed. Based rainfall data, soil ch...

In recent decades, China has been experiencing rapid economic development, population growth and urbanization. These processes have stressed the shortages of water resources in China, especially in the arid regions of northwestern China. In order to sustain the expanding cropland, people increased groundwater exploitation in these regions. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze...

Israel is a small country with a total land area of 21,000 km, from which 20% is arable land. More than half of Israel has an arid to semi-arid climate. Approximately half of the cultivated area (200,000 hectares) has to be irrigated due to lack of rainfall and other water resources. Approximately 80% of the irrigated land in Israel uses the fertigation method, combining the application of wate...

In the Mesilla Valley of southern New Mexico, furrow irrigation is the primary source of water for growing onions. As the demand for water increases, there will be increasing competition for this limited resource. Water management will become an essential practice used by farmers. Irrigation ef®ciency (IE) is an important factor into improving water management but so is economic return. Therefo...

Characterization and evaluation of a biological submerged filter was carried out on a full-scale pilot plant performing removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total nitrogen (TN) from pre-treated urban wastewater. The average influent values of BOD5, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and TN were 370, 1,015 and 60 mg/L, respectively. The pilot plant produced good discharge quality during stea...

water is the most limiting factor in irrigated agriculture, mainly in mediterranean environments, as in the case of southwest spain. in this area, almond is one of the most valuable crops due to its high drought tolerance. this work examines the crop coefficients (kc) based on four drainage lysimeters installed in an experimental young almond orchard. complementary, two deficit-irrigation treat...