in agricultural practices, reference evapotranspiration (et0) parameters need to be specified for crop water requirement determination. although, the crop water requirement is not an easy task. numerous mathematical models and experimental methods have been developed for this purpose in the entire world. on the other hand, ten-daily and monthly average meteorological data are used in many of ir...

The relation between the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and pHc derived here predicts SAR of the drainage water (SARdw) better than existing empirical equations. Inaccuracies in SAR estimates from the new relationship can be anticipated by the extent to which the derived conditions are valid. Empirical equations provide no understanding of why they are sometimes inaccurate. Due to the relative i...

Distribution records for Anopheles (Cellia) vagus in the Republic of the Philippines were updated, including recent collection and museum records from Luzon and Visayas Provinces. Larval habitats (e.g. rice paddies, irrigation and drainage ditches), associated species, and the vector potential of this species were also noted.

This study used archived remote sensing images to depict the history of changes in soil salinity in the Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia, China, with the purpose of linking these changes with land and water management practices and to draw lessons for salinity control. Most data came from LANDSAT satellite images taken in 1973, 1977, 1988, 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006. In these years s...

OBJECTIVES Deep sternal wound infections are significant and severe complications following cardiac surgery and substantially influence perioperative morbidity and mortality. We present the experience of our department using two different surgical treatments over a three-year period. METHODS Between January 2009 and December 2011, a total of 3274 cardiac procedures with complete median sterno...

Water is a basic demand of sustainable development in most regions of the world. The non-uniform temporal and spatial distribution of water resources will lead to water shortage in arid and semi-arid areas. Pishin catchment is one of the most important catchments in South-East Iran. The basin had been faced with consecutive droughts in recent years. On the other hand, water resources developmen...

typically, best management practices (bmps) are implemented to help sustainable stormwater management in urban areas. over recent decades the selection of urban stormwater management measures for a site has been a challenge among urban planners where thecriterion based on flood volume no longer suffices for selecting urban drainage solutions. therefore there is a need to consider a set of holis...

Several studies have indicated that pain peaks at 24 to 48 hours after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery. TKA has been associated with disruption in normal sleep patterns, swelling knee, and significant blood loss. However, a satisfactory regime to resolve these mentioned problems has yet to be found.In this study, a total of 420 patients were randomly allocated into two groups and treated ...

The effect of controlled drainage (CD) on ammonia volatilization (AV) losses from paddy fields under controlled irrigation (CI) was investigated by managing water table control levels using a lysimeter. Three drainage treatments were implemented, namely, controlled water table depth 1 (CWT1), controlled water table depth 2 (CWT2), and controlled water table depth 3 (CWT3). As the water table co...

The authors report the cases of 3 patients with tuberculous spondylodiscitis. All patients suffered from severe back or low back pain. Posterolateral endoscopic debridement and irrigation were performed followed by retention of a drainage tube at the affected sites. Additional puncture and drainage were conducted at the same time when extensive cold abscesses were identified around the paravert...