Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), a family of thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases that are ubiquitous in all eukaryotes, are the principal catalysts for disulfide bond formation. Here, we investigated three rice (Oryza sativa) PDI family members (PDIL1;1, PDIL1;4, and PDIL2;3) and found that PDIL1;1 exhibited the highest catalytic activity for both disulfide bond formation and disulfide bond red...

The iron sulfide dimers (FeS)2 and their persulfide isomers with S-S bonds are studied with the B3LYP density functional as bare clusters and as hexacarbonyls. The disulfides are more stable than the persulfides as bare clusters and the persulfide ground state lies at 3.2 eV above the global minimum, while in the hexacarbonyl complexes this order is reversed: persulfides are more stable, but th...

The crystal structure of manganese peroxidase (MnP) from the lignin-degrading basidiomycetous fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium has been solved using molecular replacement techniques and refined to R = 0.20 at 2.0 A. The overall structure is similar to that of two other fungal peroxidases, lignin peroxidase from P. chrysosporium and Arthromyces ramosus peroxidase. Like the other fungal peroxid...

Theranostic nanoparticles based on superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) have a great promise for tumor diagnosis and gene therapy. However, the availability of theranostic nanoparticles with efficient gene transfection and minimal toxicity remains a big challenge. In this study, we construct an intelligent SPIO-based nanoparticle comprising a SPIO inner core and a disulfide-containing polyethyle...

Transferrin (Tf) receptor-mediated transcytosis of insulin-transferrin conjugate (In-Tf) has been demonstrated in cultured human enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells. In the present report, oral delivery of insulin as a Tf conjugate in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was investigated. Human insulin was conjugated at a 1:1 molar ratio to iron-loaded human Tf by a disulfide linkage. The stabil...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel oxidative stress marker (thiol/disulfide homeostasis) in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children for the first time in literature. METHODS Ninety children with ADHD diagnosed according to DSM-V and as control group, 65 healthy children were included to the study. Native thiol, total thiol, disulfide, disulfide/native th...

   Surfaces of synthesis cobalt disulfide has high electron density that could interact with polycyclic aromatic compounds by π-π stacking. Cobalt disulfide was synthesized with the hydrothermal method and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray. Using tetracycline as a model analyte, the batch adsorption experiments were c...

Thioredoxins are small multifunctional redox active proteins widely if not universally distributed among living organisms. In chloroplasts, two types of thioredoxins (f and m) coexist and play central roles in regulating enzyme activity. Reduction of thioredoxins in chloroplasts is catalyzed by an iron-sulfur disulfide enzyme, ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase, that receives photosynthetic elect...

Thermoanaerobacter indiensis BSB-33 has been earlier shown to reduce Fe(III) and Cr(VI) anaerobically at 60°C optimally. Further, the Gram-positive thermophilic bacterium contains Cr(VI) reduction activity in both the membrane and cytoplasm. The soluble fraction prepared from T. indiensis cells grown at 60°C was found to contain the majority of Fe(III) reduction activity of the microorganism an...

Transport of vitamin B(12) across the outer membrane of Escherichia coli, like that of iron-siderophore complexes, is an active transport process requiring a specific outer membrane transporter BtuB, the proton motive force, and the trans-periplasmic energy coupling protein TonB. Interaction between TonB and two of the TonB-dependent siderophore transporters has been detected previously by form...