The present contribution aims at researching the new Eurasian project on post-Soviet area, Economic Union, by analyzing legal aspects of both its institutional and economic frameworks. Because relatively small size, not only should Union increase bilateral trade with member states but also promote commerce outside Union. In this regard, crucial objective for success is development longterm rela...

The incidence of bilateral trade costs is calculated here using neglected properties of the structural gravity model, disaggregated by commodity and region, and re-aggregated into forms useful for economic geography. For Canada’s provinces, 19922003, sellers’ incidence is on average some five times higher than buyers’ incidence. Sellers’ incidence falls over time due to specialization, despite ...

For the last half century, international trade has been an important contributor to the growth of the world economy. Similarly, over the past twenty years, after China’s decision to pursue a market opening policy, the growth of the Chinese economy has been led by the rapid growth of its exports and imports. However this growth in international trade has been accompanied by an increase in the nu...

Digital platforms serve as a foundation upon which manifold firms develop complementary add-ons to address heterogeneous customer needs. In order to successfully stimulate partner contributions platform vendors need to share knowledge with partners that enables them to develop add-ons. Vendors face a trade-off between addressing idiosyncratic needs of partners while ensuring the scalability of ...

The status exchange hypothesis suggests that partners in black/white marriages in the United States trade racial for educational status, indicating strong hierarchical barriers between racial groups. The authors examine trends in status exchange in black/white marriages and cohabitations between 1980 and 2010, a period during which these unions increased from 0.3 percent to 1.5 percent of all y...

The purpose of this paper is to account for the revival of both academic and substantive interest in what had long been seen as an unimportant byway of social policy: the role of social partners, especially trade unions, in the management of national social insurance systems. The answer is found in the budgetary crises facing these systems along with the frequent embedded role of the social par...

African countries' endorsement of the Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement framework has been regarded as a potential game-changer for intra-African trade and key to unlocking sustained economic growth development. The euphoria surrounding this proposed introduction single continental market goods services, with free movement businesses, persons, investments, is closely linked positiv...

The scarcity of evidence for contingent reciprocity has led to a growing interest in how market forces shape the distribution of exchanges in animal groups. In a biological market, supply and demand determines the value of an exchange, and individuals choose to trade with the partner offering the highest value. Partners maximize their immediate benefits without the need to monitor the balance o...

Superpositions of social networks, such as communication, friendship, or trade networks, are called multiplex networks, forming the structural backbone of human societies. Novel datasets now allow quantification and exploration of multiplex networks. Here we study gender-specific differences of a multiplex network from a complete behavioral dataset of an online-game society of about 300,000 pla...