Many species of tea (Camellia sinensis) and cowslip (Echium amoenum) are used in Iranian traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to conduct the survey on the ability of Iranian black tea and cowslip extracts on secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by non-infected and infected mouse macrophages. A macrophage infection model with Legionella pneumophila and enzyme linked im...

Hemodialysis (HD) patients are recognized as one of the high-risk groups for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The prevalence of HCV infection varies widely between 5.5% and 24% among different Iranian populations. Preventive programs for reducing HCV infection prevalence in these patients require accurate information. In the present study, we estimated HCV infection prevalence in Iranian HD p...

BACKGROUND Inequality in households' payments on food and health expenditures presents the accessibility and utilization patterns between them. This study investigated the Iranian rural and urban households' inequality in payments on food and Out-of-Pocket health expenditures from 1998 to 2012. METHODS This descriptive study was conducted through the analysis of Iranian Statistics Centre data...

Phonetic Recognition for FaceMe! William Goldenthal, Keith Waters, Jean-Manuel Van Thong, and Oren Glickman email: fthal, waters, jmvt, [email protected] Digital Equipment Corporation Cambridge Research Laboratory One Kendall Sq., Building 700 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 USA ABSTRACT The goal of this work is to use phonetic recognition to drive a synthetic image with speech. Phonetic units a...

–The Late Triassic (Norian) phytosaurs Nicrosaurus kapffi and Mystriosuchus planirostris appear at about the same time in central Europe. Both have very distinctive snout shapes and are thought to occupy different ecological niches. The depositional environment and post-cranial morphology suggest a secondarily terrestrial lifestyle for Nicrosaurus. Some phytosaurs might have exploited coastal h...

The mining lease area of Surka [District Bhavnagar, Gujarat (India)] is located within 6-12 km horizontal distance of sea shore of Gulf of Cambay. Whenever, there will be onset of lignite extraction, there will be always a threat of sea water intrusion into the mining lease area due to its close proximity to seashore. This article describes the prediction of sea water intrusion into the lease a...

Freshwater resources are scarce in desert regions. Highly saline groundwater of different salinity is being used to drip irrigate the Taklimakan Desert Highway Shelterbelt with a double-branch-pipe system controlling the irrigation cycles. In this study, to evaluate the dynamics of soil moisture and salinity under the current irrigation system, soil samples were collected to a 2-m depth in the ...

For desalination to succeed in Texas, reliable, cost-effective, and adoptable technologies are needed. This will require scientific advances in pretreatment, characteristics of different sources of saline water, methods of salt separation, disposal of brine, effects of byproducts on the environment, and management of desalination facilities. Scientists at universities across Texas are investiga...