when thinking about traditional iranian architecture, one imagines extensive ornamental patterns that adorn almost every surface of mosques and other prominent buildings. yet, many theories of architecture since the beginning of twentieth century have considered ornamentation a superficial and superfluous layer. but, are these ornamental surfaces superficial and can they be removed so easily? t...

BACKGROUND Low-back pain is one of the most common human morbidities worldwide, which is damaging individually, socially and economically. Recent studies have shown that its prevalence is rising. Most of the low-back pains are non-specific though specific ones need more complicated and more expensive treatments. Sciatica or lumbar radiculopathy is one of these specific low-back pains and is exp...

this article is a comparative evaluation of airflow in two kinds of yazdi and kermani wind-towers. in the late decades of twenty century regarding to high population growth rate and energy crisis, vernacular architecture and its passive methods for gaining thermal comfort, has been strongly focused. moreover, a huge scientific movement setup for researches deep in exploring passive cooling and ...

........................................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 4 Background .......................................................................................................