OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of one football training period on haemorheological variables in regularly trained footballers. METHOD Ten subjects were randomly selected from the reserve team of a football club in the Turkish Premier League. During the last week of the football season, one day before a standard training session and two days after the previous league match, venous blood ...

The changing effects of wage disparity on team performance during the process of industry development are examined using data sourced from the Japanese professional football league. The results show that wage disparity leads to a reduction in team performance during the developing stage but does not influence performance during the developed stage. Unobserved fixed team effects and endogeneity ...

The ability to produce peak performance plays a decisive role in the success of athletes in competitive contest situations. Levels of appetitive competition motivation (ACM), i.e., the desire to defeat an opponent independent of secondary reinforcing factors, were assessed in professional female football/soccer players in the premier and regional leagues, using club level as the measurement of ...

! Most major U.S. professional sports and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) have adopted concussion policies. Current National Football League andNCAA guidelines do not permit an athlete with a concussion to return to play on the same day as the injury. No adolescent or high-school athletes with a concussion should be allowed to return to play on the same day regardless of sev...

BACKGROUND Relative age effects (RAEs) typically favour older members within a cohort; however, research suggests that younger players may experience some long-term advantages, such as longer career length. The purposes of this study were to replicate previous findings on RAEs among National Hockey League (NHL) ice hockey players, National Basketball Association (NBA) basketball players and Nat...

Hamstring injuries constitute one of the most concerning injuries in English Premier League football, due to its high primary incidence but also its recurrence. Functional methods assessing hamstring function during high-risk performance tasks such as sprinting are vital to identify potential risk factors. The purpose of this study was to assess horizontal force deficits during maximum sprint r...

Football (or soccer, if you’re in North America) is the most widespread team sport played in the world [1]. Apart from international football, the bulk of football matches take place at the level of domestic clubs. Most countries have an established football league where clubs representing different geographical regions compete against one another. There are no restrictions on the players who m...

W hile concussions occur in nearly every sport and level of competition, the greatest frequency occurs in collision and contact sports such as football, lacrosse, hockey, rugby, soccer, and basketball.16,22,27 Specifically with regard to football, attempts at player-safety improvements for concussion prevention date back to the implementation of helmets by the National Football League (NFL) in ...

the aim of this research was to study those economic barriers influencing foreign investment attraction in iran football industry. the statistical population consisted of all managers and board of directors of the clubs of the premier league, board of directors of football federation and former directors of football (n=240). 148 subjects were selected as the sample by morgan table and completed...