Abstract The changing culture toward multimodality enforces acquiring visual literacy in every aspect of today’s modern life. One of the fields intermingled with using various modes in different variations is language teaching and learning, especially for and by young learners. Young language learners’ (5-12 years old) lack of world experience forces them to make the most use of non-verbal mode...

The present study is an attempt to find out cultural exophoric references in four common English textbooks, namely Touch Stone, American File, Top Notch, and Total English series used at Iranian English language institutes and to compare the frequency of occurrence of such references in these coursebooks. In order to compare cultural exophoric references used in these coursebooks, the researche...

Abstract The changing culture toward multimodality enforces acquiring visual literacy in every aspect of today’s modern life. One of the fields intermingled with using various modes in different variations is language teaching and learning, especially for and by young learners. Young language learners’ (5-12 years old) lack of world experience forces them to make the most use of non-verbal mode...

English for Specific Academic Purposes (ESAP) uses the results of needs analysis for curriculum development and materials production. ESAP courses should be based on students’ academic needs. Consequently, the present study investigated the English language needs of Iranian undergraduate students of Law. Participants included 218 undergraduate students, 33 graduate students, and 10 content teac...

It is argued that language learning is regarded as the cornerstone of human existence. The widespread use of English as an international language makes it highly important in the world. It is no more working as the status of language of the elite class or the educated class of the society such as professors, rather it is working as an instrument to bring success in life. Nowadays, teachers need...

Teacher supervision plays a pivotal role in the improvement of education system and the way in which teachers and student teachers perceive it. Consequently language teacher supervisors can utilize appropriate supervisory models to keep teachers update and promote them professionally. The present study investigated the role of language teacher supervisors in student teachers and in-service teac...