This study seeks to explain Turkey’s policies towards Iraq and Northern Syria in the context of regional geopolitical competition. The paper first explains structure competitive system Middle East by taking into consideration role impact Turkey, Iran Saudi Arabia. Secondly, focusing on strategic goals actors, contextualizes logic rationality behind military political engagements Iraq. Finally, ...

The main purpose of this article is to analyze the impact external determinants on Poland-Iran political relations during presidency Hassan Rouhani between 2013-2021. analysis based a set conditions that determine their bilateral relations. These include nuclear agreement concluded with Iran in 2015, policy United States particular emphasis extended sanctions imposed Iran, European Union’s towa...

Decision-makers in each country work to define a list of internal and external interests، goals threats their countries according the nature awareness these threats. 
 Hence، Iraq is not an exception this rule، process evaluating its interests objectives foreign policy subject pattern decision-makers influencing forces defining basic which often witness some kind difference them، importanc...

Abstract In the advancing understanding of crime-terror nexus, organized crime and terrorist entities are increasingly seen as capable pursuing multiple agendas simultaneously, with potential to ultimately reach convergence. Applying Makarenko’s theoretical work on convergence, this article sets out explain persistence in Iraq after fall Islamic State Syria (ISIS) Caliphate, based a literature ...

background: personnel of military forces have close contact with natural habitat and usually encounter with bite of arthropods and prone to be infected with arthropod borne diseases. the imposed war against iran was one of the most important and the longest war in the middle east and even in the world and military people faced various diseases. the aim of this study was to review prevalence of ...