1. Bronchodilatation was produced in eight normal subjects by inhalation, on separate occasions, of the atropine-like drug ipratropium bromide (0.16 mg by pressurized inhaler; 1 mg nebulized) and the beta 2-sympathomimetic salbutamol (0.8 mg by pressurized inhaler; 5 mg nebulized). 2. Mean specific airways conductance (sGaw) increased from a mean value of 0.185 +/- SE 0.002 to 0.292 +/- 0.023 s...

Aims: The aim of the current study was to establish a simple and yet as much as possible physiologic approach for a simulation of the pulmonary absorption process to compare different inhaled drugs or drug formulations. Methodology: We designed a dialysis setting that allowed monitoring the drug release from human lung tissue into a continuous-flow plasma compartment. For proof-of-concept exper...

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that lung oedema causes an obstructive airway impairment, due to an increase in cholinergic bronchial tone in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Ten patients with CHF were tested by inhalation of ipratropium bromide and placebo, given in sequential randomized order, in double-blind fashion, after assessment of baseline lung function, both...

BACKGROUND Smoking is the principle risk factor for development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) is known to protect against toxic compounds and oxidative stress, and might play a role in protection against smoke-induced disease progression. We questioned whether MRP1-mediated transport is influenced by pulmonary drugs that are co...

This study aimed to investigate the role of M3 acetylcholine receptor (M3-AChR) expression in airway remodeling. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate the effects of ipratropium bromide solution inhaled in an early phase of asthma on airway remodeling in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and challenged mice. Thirty BALB/c mice were divided into three groups, namely, control group (saline sensitized/chall...

To investigate the additive effect of oral theophylline on combined inhaled anticholinergic agent and p5-agonist therapy, 12 patients with stable COPD (64.6 ± 5.9 years) completed a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial oforal theophylline for a 4-week period (400 mg for 2 weeks, followed by 600 mg for 2 weeks). All of the patients continued to inhale both salbutamol, 200 ...

Although adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction is mainly due to mast cell mediator release, vagal reflexes have also been implicated in this response. We have investigated the effect of a specific muscarinic-receptor antagonist, ipratropium bromide, on methacholine- and adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of 12 asthmatic subjects. Airway...

The mechanisms underlying water-induced bronchoconstriction are still not fully understood. Cholinergic reflexes and mast cell mediator release are currently believed to play an important pathogenetic role. In order to evaluate the relative contribution of each of these mechanisms, we studied the effect of ipratropium bromide (80 micrograms), a muscarinic antagonist, and sodium cromoglycate (20...