The rate of uptake of putrescine by Anacystis nidulans has been shown to depend on the external pH and the extracellular concentration of putrescine. Accumulation of exogenous putrescine was also proportional to the concentration of putrescine in the medium, suggesting that putrescine uptake was not subject to cellular regulation. An equation was derived to test the hypothesis that putrescine a...

Graphene membranes have the potential to exceed the permeance and selectivity limits of conventional gas separation membranes. Realizing this potential in practical systems relies on overcoming numerous scalability challenges, such as isolating or sealing permeable defects in macroscopic areas of graphene that can compromise performance and developing methods to create high densities of selecti...

Chlorella autotrophica (Clone 580) grows over the external salinity range of 1 to 400% artificial sea water (ASW), can photosynthesize over the range from 1 to 600% ASW, and survives the complete evaporation of seawater. The alga grown at high salinities shows an increase in cell volume and a small decrease in cell water content. Measurements of ion content were made by neutron activation analy...

Cerebral focal ischemia is a local degeneration of brain tissue induced by a reduction of blood supply. We introduce a mathematical model that includes the blood dynamics, represented by a flow in a porous medium and ion dynamics (calcium and potassium), together with other variables (energy stores, tissue integrity, oxygen and glucose) representing the biochemical events consequent to the vess...

Lithium ion batteries exhibit the highest energy densities of all battery types and are therefore an important technology for energy storage in every day life. Today's commercially available batteries employ organic polymer lithium conducting electrolytes, leading to multiple challenges and safety issues such as poor chemical stability, leakage and flammability. The next generation lithium ion ...

CMOS faces new device and technology challenges: MOSFETs require ultra-sharp doping profiles and complex processing; integration of devices into circuits requires arbitrary interconnection with overlay precision beyond known manufacturing solutions (3σ=±3nm, 16nm CMOS, ITRS’11[1]). To overcome these challenges, we propose a new nanoscale computing fabric with integrated design of device, interc...

BACKGROUND Increased pulmonary vascular permeability is a hallmark of acute lung injury (ALI). Gap junction channels (GJCs) connect adjacent cells and facilitate ion exchange. It remained unclear whether GJCs modulate pulmonary permeability in ALI through intracellular calcium. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to verify if GJCs in pulmonary microvessel endothelial cells (PMVECs) modulate pulmonary...

All solid-state sodium batteries (ASSSBs) are considered a promising alternative to lithium-ion due increased safety in employing components and the widespread availability low cost of sodium. As one indispensable battery system, organic liquid electrolytes currently used their high-ionic conductivity (10−2 S cm−1) good wettability; however, low-thermal stability, flammability, leakage tendency...

leakage in water distribution networks causes waste of water and economical losses. in this paper a new method is presented to calculate nodal and pipes leakage in water distribution systems using capabilities of epanet2.10 software. the method estimate the total water losses in the system based on iwa methodology using minimum night flow (mnf) measurements. recognising the pressure dependency ...

IMRT plans are usually verified by phantom measurements: dose distributions are measured using film and the absolute dose using an ionization chamber. The measured and calculated doses are compared and planned MUs are modified if necessary. To achieve a conformal dose distribution, IMRT fields are composed of small subfields, or "beamlets." The size of beamlets is on the order of 1 x 1 cm2. The...