Printing with custom inks is useful for extending the gamut of printed images, for creating artistically appealing designs or for providing protection against counterfeiting (security documents). The basic colors we consider, consist of the custom inks, their superpositions and the white paper. Color separation for custom inks requires to determine the relative amounts of the basic colors allow...

Subtle variations in ink color and paper of postage stamps can affect their value and desirability to collectors and investors. Protoninduced Xray emission spectrometry (PIXE) is a generally nondestructive forensic analysis tool that reveals the concentrations of chemical elements in a sample. PIXE has been used for more than 30 years, sometimes in conjunction with other analytical methods, to ...

The growth of high speed computer networks and that of Internet, in particular, has explored means of new business, scientific, entertainment, and social opportunities. Ironically, the cause for the growth is also of the apprehension use of digital formatted data. Digital media offer several distinct advantages over analog media, such as high quality, easy editing, high fidelity copying. The ea...

The effect of electron beam irradiation on a series of different writing inks is described. As the anthrax-tainted letters were discovered in October 2001, the U.S. government began to experiment with the use of the electron beam irradiation process for destroying such biological agents. Plans initially considered a large-scale countrywide use of this technology. However, over time the scope of...