objective(s):  the cholinergic system plays an important role in learning and memory. this study investigated the effects of curcumin (turmeric extract) and the cholinergic system and their interaction on memory retention of passive avoidance learning in adult male wistar rats. materials and methods: at first, an injection cannula was implanted in right ventricles of the animals. one week after...

conclusions the results revealed that the novel multi-epitope dna construct could be an effective candidate in tuberculosis vaccine development, and it is qualified to investigate its potential to induce cd4 and cd8 t- cell immune response in the experimental animal model. results mhc class i-and class ii-predicted epitopes showed a high potential to binding to human hlas alleles, with global b...

background: h-reflex is a valuable electrophysiological technique for assessing nerve conduction through entire length of afferent and efferent pathways, especially nerve roots and proximal segments of peripheral nerves. the aim of this study was to investigate the relation between normal values of flexor carpi radialis (fcr) h-reflex latency, upper limb length and age in normal subjects, and t...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa background: the h-reflex is a useful electrophysiological procedure for evaluating the status of the peripheral nervous system, especially at the proximal segment of the peripheral nerve. the purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between triceps surae h-reflex and m- response latencies and thigh length in normal population, in order t...

Aim: To perform phytochemical screening of Plumbago zeylanica L. root extracts and assess the claim its use in traditional management erectile dysfunction Uganda through evaluation aphrodisiac effect aqueous male Wistar rats.
 Study Design: This study employed both qualitative quantitative research designs.
 Place Duration Study: All work were performed at Department Biological Scienc...

Despite recent advances in our understanding of sexual conflict and antagonistic coevolution between sexes, the role of interspecific interactions, such as predation, in these evolutionary processes remains unclear. In this paper, we present a new male mating strategy whereby a male water strider Gerris gracilicornis intimidates a female by directly attracting predators as long as she does not ...

Drosophila mojavensis from the Sonora region and Baja California show asymmetrical sexual isolation in the laboratory: males from Sonora mate equally frequently with Sonora and Baja females, while the mating success of Baja males with Sonora females is reduced. This failure has been localized to three separate behavioral landmarks occurring during courtship. Genetic analysis was conducted using...

The Mullerian glands of adult male caecilians, which are derived from the undifferentiated Mullerian ducts, secrete many constituents similar to those found in the semen of birds and mammals. These include fructose, acid phosphatase, and mucopolysaccharides. The pH of the secretion is similar to that of semen. Caecilians reproduce terrestrially using intromission and internal fertilization. It ...

In this paper we model the hierarchal nature of memory in order to examine the variance, and in general, all moments of the distribution of time memory access. The existence of an unbounded variance for the memory access time can lead to extremely long wait queues and a particular class of distributions that has this property is the power tailed distribution. We present an analytical model to s...