The objective of this study was to develop intranasal nanoemulsion and gel formulations for rizatriptan benzoate for prolonged action. Nanoemulsion formulations were prepared by constructing pseudo-ternary phase diagrams using lipophilic and hydrophilic surfactants and water. Various mucoadhesive agents were tried out to form thermo-triggered mucoadhesive nanoemulsions. Mucoadhesive gel formula...

The combination of intranasal antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids results in superior relief of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) symptoms compared with monotherapy. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of olopatadine hydrochloride nasal spray, 0.6% (OLO), administered in combination with fluticasone nasal spray, 50 micrograms (FNS), relative to azelastine nasal ...

BACKGROUND Minimal persistent inflammation (MPI) contributes to hyperreactivity in allergic rhinitis. However, little is known regarding whether pre-onset activation of eosinophils and mast cells is present or not in Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCP). Furthermore, a prophylactic effect of intranasal corticosteroids on such MPI in JCP has not been investigated. METHODS We designed a double-blind...

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infects cells of the respiratory mucosa, so it is desirable to develop a vaccination strategy that induces mucosal immunity. To achieve this, various delivery routes were compared for formalin-inactivated (FI) BRSV formulated with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) and polyphosphazene (PP). Intranasal delivery of the FI-BRSV formulation was superior to subc...

BACKGROUND We hypothesized that SRX246, a vasopressin V1a receptor antagonist, blocks the effect of intranasally administered vasopressin on brain processing of angry Ekman faces. An interaction of intranasal and oral drug was predicted in the amygdala. METHODS Twenty-nine healthy male subjects received a baseline fMRI scan while they viewed angry faces and then were randomized to receive ora...

To analyze the clinical characteristics of corticosteroid-resistant refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) and explore the related factors that predict corticosteroid-resistant RMPP. Retrospective analysis of 183 children with RMPP in our hospital admitted between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2014 was performed. Of the 183 RMPP cases, 36 (19.7%) were corticosteroid-resistant RMP...

PURPOSE To explore patterns in the purchase of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) oral antihistamines (OAHs) and intranasal corticosteroids (INCSs) by patients, from pharmacies in different geographical regions of Australia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective observational study using a database containing anonymous pharmacy transaction data from 20.0% of the pharmacies in Australia that...

The influence of mouth breathing on craniofacial development has previously been demonstrated. Recent investigations do indicate, however, that head posture also might be related to craniofacial morphology. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of a topical steroid spray (Budesonide) on nasal respiratory resistance and head posture in children with asthma and nasal obstruction....

purpose : the aim of this study is to measure the endogenous cortisol levels in the patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (cscr) and also, evaluate the short-term effect of oral ketoconazole in the treatment of both acute and chronic cscr. methods : in this prospective interventional case series 12 patients with acute cscr and 7 patients with chronic cscr (including one patient with bi...

INTRODUCTION Intranasal meningoceles occur as a result of herniation of the meninges into the nasal cavity through a defect in the cribriform plate. These are commonly found in the pediatric population due to a congenital defect in the skull base. Intranasal meningoceles are very rare in adults, and tend to arise only when engendered by trauma. Here, we present the case of a patient with seemin...