A SAMPLING of 49 family clusters consisting of a key person with arthritis, his (her) spouse, a sibling and the sibling’s spouse, 2 cousins, and an unrelated individual were interviewed three times with regard to their arthritis and a variety of social and psychological factors. The sample was drawn in part from a national random sample and in part from an arthritis clinic. A detailed interview...

1Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 2Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3Department of Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Department of Toxicology and Emergency Medicine, Imam Hossein Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beh...

Any analysis of equity must include a consideration of intergenerational transfers in society. In this piece we will discuss these transfers within the context of rapid population aging in Latin America and the Caribbean. There are two main types of intergen-erational exchanges: 1) intrafamilial transfers and 2) formal intercohort transfers. Along with personal savings and other assets, these t...

The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have distinctly changed over the past decades throughout Europe. From former North-South and West-East risk gradients, nowadays, classic high-risk areas for IBD in North and West present more stable incidences whereas in formerly low-risk zones the incidence is rising. These changes cannot be explained by genetic modifications in ...

AIMS To describe the variation of the phenotype within families with several individuals with Bardet-Biedl syndrome. METHODS The phenotypes of affected siblings in 11 Scandinavian families with two or more members who had at least three of the features: retinal dystrophy, polydactyly, obesity, hypogenitalism, and mental retardation, were compared [corrected]. Individuals without retinal dystr...

The 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome (22q11.2 DGS) is characterized by an extreme intrafamilial and interfamilial variability. main clinical features are congenital heart defects, palatal abnormalities, learning disability, facial dysmorphisms immune deficiency. In 85–90% of cases, the DGS caused a heterozygous ~3-Mb deletion, including TBX1 gene, considered one major genes responsible for defect...