the present study investigates the effects of water temperature on digestive enzymes activity and food transit time in caspian kutum ( rutilus kutum ) larvae. caspian kutum larvae (532 ± 0.05 and 543 ± 0.02 mg) were divided into two groups with three replicates and reared at different water temperature i.e. 25.6 ± 0.4°c (t 1 ) and 18.4 ± 0.1°c (t 2 ). at the end of the experiment, sampling of i...

Intestinal transit times in children less than 3 years old with gastroenteritis were measured using carmine suspension and radioopaque pellets. Carmine transit times were short as expected in the acute illness, and lengthened on recovery to the values found in children without diarrhoea. Pellet transit times of the sick children were the same as those of controls without bowel disease. Solid ma...

Alpha2-adrenergic receptor activation plays an important role in the development of postoperative ileus. Alpha2-adrenergic receptors also regulate nitric oxide (NO) production by the mononuclear phagocyte system. We have previously shown that intestinal manipulation leads to a significant increase in NO production by infiltrating monocytes within the intestinal muscularis. The purpose of this s...

chronic constipation is a debilitating condition that is often associated with different abdominal problem. it can cause distress for the child and family and can result in emotional disturbance and family problem. based on the current algorhytm, the treatment of chronic constipation consists of 4 important phases, 1: education, 2: disimpaction, 3: prevention of re-accumulation of feces and 4: ...