Based on the principle of time domain reflectometry(TDR) cable length measurement, the principle error of the TDR cable length measurement is analyzed. Methods for reducing cable length measurement error are analyzed. Two cable length measurement systems based on the TDR principle are designed. The high-precision time interval measurement module is the core of the first measurement system. The ...

This communication demonstrates the need for independent validation when an uncertainty calculation procedure is applied to a particular type of measurement problem. A simple measurement scenario is used to highlight differences in the performance of two general methods of uncertainty calculation, one from the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and one from Supplement 1...

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is a precise timekeeper that controls and synchronizes the circadian period of countless physiological and behavioural functions and entrains them to the 24 h light/dark cycle. We examined the possibility that it is also indirectly involved in measurement of a briefer interval by observing the effects of lesions targeted at the SCN, and abol...

OBJECTIVE To quantify the errors associated with manual measurement of QT intervals and to determine the source of the errors. DESIGN A randomised study of QT measurement by four cardiologists of electrocardiograms plotted on paper in presentations with different noise levels, paper speeds, amplifier gains, and with and without a second QRST complex to indicate the RR interval. SUBJECTS Fou...

Fixed-interval Bayesian smoothing in state-space systems has been addressed for a long time. However, as far as the measurement noise is concerned, only two cases have been addressed so far : the regular case, i.e. with positive definite covariance matrix; and the perfect measurement case, i.e. with zero measurement noise. In this paper we address the smoothing problem in the intermediate case ...

Elements of measurement theory have recently been introduced into the software engineering discipline. It has been suggested that these elements should serve as the basis for developing, reasoning about, and applying measures. For example, it has been suggested that software complexity measures should be additive, that measures fall into a number of distinct types (i.e., levels of measurement: ...

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is an advanced imaging method used to visualize the internal state of biological tissues as 3D images. However, current continuous-wave DOT requires high-density probe arrays for measurement (less than 15-mm interval) to gather enough information for 3D image reconstruction, which makes the experiment time-consuming. In this paper, we propose a novel DOT measure...

In medicine and social sciences, data are often collected in the form of nominal or ordinal scale of measurement. When data are collected in form of interval or ratio scale of measurement they are usually reduced into either nominal or ordinal form for easy analysis,; thus, this work considered the possible effect of loss of information in reducing scales of measurement when data in form of int...

Most data processing techniques traditionally used in scientific and engineering practice are statistical. These techniques are based on the assumption that we know the probability distributions of measurement errors etc. In practice, often, we do not know the distributions, we only know the bound ∆ on the measurement accuracy – hence, after the get the measurement result e x, the only informat...

ABSTRACT: Solid particle number emissions have been regulated in a wide range of automotive fields. Its technical regulations require annual calibration counting system because standard like span gas with known concentration does not exist. However, the fully ensure validity measurements during usage interval. This paper proposes methodology on-site checks generator so that its measurement valu...