In this paper we propose and analyze a new descriptive model of armed conflicts among N groups. The model is composed ofN ordinary differential equations, with 3(N+N) constant parameters that describe military characteristics and recruitment policies, ranging from pure defensivism to pure fanaticism. The results are only preliminary, but point out interesting (though not very surprising) proper...

In this paper we examine the information sharing practices of people living in cities amid armed conflict. We describe the volume and frequency of microblogging activity on Twitter from four cities afflicted by the Mexican Drug War, showing how citizens use social media to alert one another and to comment on the violence that plagues their communities. We then investigate the emergence of civic...

The origin in Islam is peace, and unity among Muslims. However, fighting a social human phenomenon that afflicted pushed Muslims to look for alternatives the statutory laws, made them forget perfection of Sharia. This study aims come out with an Islamic foundational framework nature internal armed conflicts. It relied on deductive approach, concluded “armed conflict” was not common original jur...

this article studies harmful effects of various forms of illegal trade and illegitimate use of small arms and light weapons on the human life. the authors continue to present a definition of small arms and light weapons and then scrutinize the different types of their illicit trade and various aspects of their impact on armed conflicts, living conditions of women and children, refugees, humanit...

Documentation, analysis, and prevention of the harmful effects of armed conflict on populations are established public health priorities [1–5]. Although public health research on war is increasingly framed in human rights terms [6–13], general public health methods are typically applied without direct links to laws of war. Laws of war are international humanitarian laws and customary standards ...

In recent years, cities in countries such as Syria, Ukraine, and Somalia have been sites of major incidents armed conflict. Such violence has led observers to note that conflict is becoming more urbanized nature increasingly affecting cities. However, existing research not able ascertain whether gradually concentrated cities, for two reasons. First, most studies employ a grid-based design which...