BACKGROUND Upper Respiratory Infections (URIs) are common in children. The cause is usually viral, but parents' attitude often contributes to inappropriate antibiotic prescribing, promoting antibiotic resistance. The objective is to describe the process of developing a questionnaire to assess parents' Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) concerning the role of antibiotics when children suffe...

BACKGROUND Antimicrobial stewardship programs have been widely introduced in hospitals as a response to increasing antimicrobial resistance. Although such programs are commonly used, the long-term effects on antimicrobial resistance as well as societal economics are uncertain. METHODS We performed a cost analysis of an antimicrobial stewardship program introduced in Malmö, Sweden in 20 weeks ...

BACKGROUND In many countries, rural areas are facing a shortage of general practitioners (GPs). Appropriate strategies to address this challenge are needed. From a health care delivery point of view, the term rural area is often poorly defined. However rural areas have to be adequately defined to ensure specific strategies are tailored to these environments. The aims of this study were to trans...

Results Among 1967 patients, swabs were collected in 1740 (88%) at admission and 712 (36%) at discharge; with 687 (35%) having both. Mean age was 64 years; 58% were male. 4.8% (84/1740) of patients were MRSA positive on admission, of which 79% -for whom data were available (43/54)had been MRSA positive on screening in the previous 6 months. Of patients who were not MRSA positive at admission, 5...

background: colibacillosis, caused by different serotypes of avian pathogenic escherichia coli (apec), is one of the important diseases in poultry industry. the isolate o78 is the most prevalent serotype of apec in iran. one of the apec virulence factors, increased serum survival (iss) gene, is related to serum resistance. the usual form of colibacillosis in avian is extraintestinal, and serum ...

Yeasts are a convenient platform for many applications. They have been widely used as the expression hosts. There is a need to have a new yeast expression system to contribute the molecular cloning demands. Eight yeast isolates were screened from various environment sources and identified through ribosomal DNA (rDNA) Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS). Full sequence of the rDNA ITS region for ea...

In internal combustion engines, exhaust valve and its seat gain considerable temperature as the hot gases exit through them. So, the rate of heat transfer should be under control. In this study, the contact heat transfer coefficient has been estimated. An experimental study on an Air-Cooled internal combustion engine cylinder head has been considered. Using the measured temperatures of sensors ...

OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of Korean version of Ruminative Response Scale (K-RRS) for Korean adolescents. METHODS A community sample of 1220 adolescents was recruited from middle schools and high schools. Exploratory factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, and additional analyses were performed to assess the reliability and validity of ...

OBJECTIVE To explore and describe perceptions of antibiotic prescribing among Swedish hospital physicians, with special reference to whether the perceptions included awareness of antibiotic resistance (AR). DESIGN A phenomenographic approach was used and data were collected in face-to-face interviews. SETTING Hospitals in seven different counties in central Sweden. PARTICIPANTS A strategi...

BACKGROUND Stigma associated with tuberculosis (TB) has been an object of interest in several regions of the world. The behaviour presented by patients as a result of social discrimination has contributed to delays in diagnosis and the abandonment of treatment, leading to an increase in the cases of TB and drug resistance. The identification of populations affected by stigma and its measurement...