In the statement authors want to draw attention to the possibilities of treatment of periprosthetic fractures of femur. They present their own experiences with the treatment of these fractures by using various types of internal and external fixation evaluated from 1996 to 2003. They present some less common types of internal fixation as e.g. fixation by clamp plates.

SUMMARY As nipple-sparing mastectomy with implant-based reconstruction has increased, attention must be paid to the viability of the nipple-areolar complex. This article describes the use of preoperative Doppler ultrasound to identify the internal mammary artery perforators. Preserving the internal mammary artery improves vascular supply to the nipple-areolar complex.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of external and internal focus of attention instructions on running economy at a submaximal velocity. Twenty-four male physical education students ran on a treadmill at a velocity of 9.6 km·hr-1 in two 10-minute counterbalanced conditions: external focus (watching a video of running from the runner’s perspective), and internal focus (fo...

The current study examined the possible additive benefits of focus of attention (FOA) on observational learning, mental imagery, and physical practice. Utilizing a full-body multiphase physical task allowed us to examine the influence of each of these effects on overall athletic performance. Subjects were limited to experts in the selected long-jump task. Internal and external foci of attention...

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (emdr) process encompasses several nervous system components such as medulla, pons, midbrain, cerebellum, basal ganglia, parietal, frontal and occipital lobes. the role of eye movement (em) has been documented previously in relation with cognitive processing mechanisms. by emdr we can reach some parts of memory which were inaccessible before and als...

Early sensory cortex is typically investigated in response to sensory stimulation, masking the contribution of internal signals. Recently, van Kerkoerle and colleagues reported that attention and memory signals segregate from sensory signals within specific layers of primary visual cortex, providing insight into the role of internal signals in sensory processing.

Intervention: The intervention consisted of a 10-week group (with weekly 2-hour sessions) of a Mindful Attention Program (MAP) designed to facilitate a non-localized awareness (the ability to balance both internal and external awareness) through guided mindful meditation. The treatment involved an increased awareness of internal and external experiences through attentive meditation and cultivat...

Attention to internal body sensations is practiced in most meditation traditions. Many traditions state that this practice results in increased awareness of internal body sensations, but scientific studies evaluating this claim are lacking. We predicted that experienced meditators would display performance superior to that of nonmeditators on heartbeat detection, a standard noninvasive measure ...

Individuals jump higher when they adopt an external focus of attention, relative to an internal focus or no focus of attention (G. Wulf, T. Zachry, C. Granados, & J. S. Dufek, 2007). In the present study, the authors determined the underlying cause of this effect. Participants performed a vertical jump-and-reach task for (a) an external focus condition (i.e., participants focused on the rungs o...

Attention is strongly influenced by both external stimuli and internal goals. However, this useful dichotomy does not readily capture the ubiquitous and often automatic contribution of past experience stored in memory. We review recent evidence about how multiple memory systems control attention, consider how such interactions are manifested in the brain, and highlight how this framework for 'm...