Insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) share high sequence homology, but their folding behaviors are significantly different: insulin folds into one unique thermodynamically controlled structure, while IGF-1 folds into two thermodynamically controlled disulfide isomers. However, the origin of their different folding behaviors is still elusive. The amphioxus insulin-like peptide (ILP) ...

Integer Linear Programming (ILP) can be seen as the archetypical problem for NP-complete optimization problems, and a wide range of problems in artificial intelligence are solved in practice via a translation to ILP. Despite its huge range of applications, only few tractable fragments of ILP are known, probably the most prominent of which is based on the notion of total unimodularity. Using ent...

OBJECTIVE This study compares the time-action profile of inhaled insulin (INH; Exubera) with that of subcutaneously injected insulin lispro (ILP) or regular human insulin (RHI) in healthy volunteers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this open-label, randomized, three-way, crossover study, 17 healthy male volunteers were given each of the following treatments in random order: INH (6 mg), ILP (18...

We optimize the diagnostic data from a fullresponse fault dictionary of a given test set. Compaction is done without loss of diagnostic resolution of a test set. We give an integer linear program (ILP) formulation using fault diagnostic table. The complexity of the ILP is made manageable by two innovations. First, we define a generalized independence relation between pairs of faults to reduce t...

This study will investigate how non-native speakers of Japanese acquire Japanese accentuation from the viewpoint of the location of the accent nucleus. Hypothetical models for the process of generation and for developmental sequence of interlanguage Japanese accentuation, which is interim accentual system created by learners, will be proposed. The subjects appear to generate their interlanguage...

This paper explores the role of corrective feedback in communicative language classrooms. Seven empirical studies investigating the effectiveness of corrective feedback are examined to determine if corrective feedback can lead to substantial changes in learners’ interlanguage systems over the long term and to find out what factors are necessary for effective feedback. The review of literature r...

Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) is a promising technology for knowledge extraction applications. ILP has produced intelligible solutions for a wide variety of domains where it has been applied. The ILP lack of efficiency is, however, a major impediment for its scalability to applications requiring large amounts of data. In this paper we propose a set of techniques that improve ILP systems eff...