RNA silencing is a newly discovered mechanism of genetic regulation in eukaryotes. It is based on an immune system that protects eukaryotes against viruses and transposons and in some respects it is conceptually similar to classical humoral immunity. However RNA silencing is distinct from humoral immunity in that it only targets nucleic acids and has a specificity mechanism based on nucleic aci...

Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in viral infections both as initiators of immunity and as viral targets. Interaction between DCs and the innate-like CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells results in the mutual activation of both cells and the subsequent initiation of cellular immune responses. Here, we show that HIV-1 inhibits the surface expression of CD1d in productively in...

During oral reading, the eyes tend to be ahead of the voice (eye-voice span, EVS). It has been hypothesized that the extent to which this happens depends on the automaticity of reading processes, namely on the speed of print-to-sound conversion. We tested whether EVS is affected by another automaticity component - immunity from interference. To that end, we manipulated word familiarity (high-fr...

Most prokaryotes contain CRISPR-Cas immune systems that provide protection against mobile genetic elements. We have focused on the ability of CRISPR-Cas to block plasmid conjugation, and analyzed the position of target sequences (protospacers) on conjugative plasmids. The analysis reveals that protospacers are non-uniformly distributed over plasmid regions in a pattern that is determined by the...

The Red Queen hypothesis proposes that coevolving parasites select for outcrossing in the host. Outcrossing relies on males, which often show lower immune investment due to, for example, sexual selection. Here, we demonstrate that such sex differences in immunity interfere with parasite-mediated selection for outcrossing. Two independent coevolution experiments with Caenorhabditis elegans and i...

Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is one of the most promising wireless communication solutions to be developed quickly because high-speed data, wide bandwidth and excellent immunity multipath interference. In this work, compact design a modified circular monopole microstrip antenna simulated manufactured for UWB applications. The simulation process proposed was done based on finite integration C...

<span>This paper shows electromagnetic field uniformity in an compatibility (EMC) chamber that is used as a test facility for measuring interference and radiated immunity of 6G communication systems. While not defined yet, radio frequency will work the wavelength ranges above 95 GHz. With this reason, designed schroeder-type quadratic residue diffuser GHz to generate uniform EMC studied c...

Th17 immunity has been shown to regulate autoimmune diabetes in mice. IL-17 neutralization prevented development of diabetes when given postinitiation of insulitis but not earlier, suggesting interference with the effector phase of the disease. Islet-cell Ag-specific Th17 cells converted into IFN-gamma-secreting Th1-like cells and caused diabetes in mice recipients. The role of IL-17 in human t...

Abstract To improve the parameter estimation performance of damped real-value sinusoid in noise, a novel algorithm with high accuracy and computational efficiency is proposed that combines characteristics good anti-interference, small computation frequency-domain methods, time-domain methods. First, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) two-point spectrum interpolation methods are used to noise immu...

Abstract Herein, a three-electrode coplanar integrated electrode was prepared by the screen-printing process. By designing reasonable structure, scheme for preparation of Cu (OH) 2 /Ag/AgCl/C/Al O 3 screen printing proposed. The morphological structure material investigated SEM, EDS, and XRD characterization methods. Moreover, availability electrodes characterized macroscopically using an elect...