There has been a concentrated effort in modeling fluid flow in asphalt pavements, and most of the existing work has been limited to evaluation of directional permeabilities. The effects of other phenomena, such as development of flow-induced pore pressure and viscous shear stress distributions at the pore–solid interfaces, on moisture damage in an asphalt pore structure have not been fully unde...

Internal and external rotation of the femur plays an important role in defining the orientation of the patellofemoral joint, influencing contact areas, pressures, and cartilage stress distributions. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of femoral internal and external rotation on stresses in the patellofemoral cartilage. We constructed finite element models of the patellofem...

Ventilator-induced lung injury has been proposed as being caused by overdistention and closure and reopening of small airways and alveoli. Here we investigate the possibility that heterogeneous constriction increases airflow-related shear stress to a dangerously high level that may be sufficient to cause injury to the epithelial cells during mechanical ventilation. We employed an anatomically c...

Interface pressures and shear stresses at different sagittal plane angular alignment settings were measured on 3 trans-tibial amputee subjects ambulating with patellar-tendon-bearing total contact prostheses. Substantial socket-shank angular alignment modifications in the sagittal plane had minimal effect on stance phase peak interface pressures, though more substantial effects on stance phase ...

The rheological behaviour of a dense granular bed under dynamic conditions is investigated by simulating flow in the FT4 powder rheometer using Discrete Element Method. distribution prevailing stresses and strain rates bed, their dependence on material properties blade operational conditions, are analysed. shear stress was found to be approximately constant radial direction along but dissipates...

We present results from computer simulation and mode-coupling theory of the glass transition for the nonequilibrium relaxation of stresses in a colloidal glass former after the cessation of shear flow. In the ideal glass, persistent residual stresses are found that depend on the flow history. The partial decay of stresses from the steady state to this residual stress is governed by the previous...

Bacterial biofilms, while made up of microbial-scale objects, also function as meso- and macroscale materials. In particular, macro-scale material properties determine how biofilms respond to large-scale mechanical stresses, e.g. fluid shear. Viscoelastic and other constitutive properties influence biomass structure (through growth and fluid shear stresses) by erosion and sloughing detachment. ...

We read the article of Yoshida and colleagues [1] with great interest. They showed that patients with severe aortic stenosis are inclined to type IIA von Willebrand factor (vWf) syndrome, which may be reduced by aortic valve replacement. The authors also reported that patients with valvular prosthesis mismatch may not fully benefit from a reduction in vWf abnormalities, because patient-prosthes...

Understanding the stress transfer mechanisms from a polymer matrix to two-dimensional (2D) reinforcements is essential for preparation of high performance nanocomposites. In this study, interfacial flexible substrate monolayer and few-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) under tension has been investigated. Layer-dependent strain-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy were used examine effi...