Based on different objectives, various insurance risk models with adaptive polices have been proposed, such as dividend model, tax model, model with credibility premium, and so on. In this report, we will only focus the study on dividend strategies. Here are some reasons why the dividend strategy is of interest. For an insurance company, ruin occurs when a claim size is greater than its reserve...

The decision that a particular intervention is not clinically indicated may conceal two quite different ethical assumptions. The first assumption is that the intervention is not of overall benefit to this patient. The second is that limited resources should not be used for this patient. These issues are discussed with reference to cardiac surgery in elderly patients with reference to the main t...

‎In this paper‎, ‎we consider the optimal asset control of a financial company which can control its liquid reserves by paying dividends and by issuing new equity‎. ‎We assume that the liquid surplus of the company in the absence of control is modeled by the diffusion model‎. ‎It is a hot topic to maximize the expected present value of dividends payout minus equity issuance until the time of ba...

view. in this paper, the question of influence in the south caucasus and europe :union: foreign policy . a. iran 's regional interests can be defined both in terms of cooperation or conflict , has developed the hypothesis that the objectives and activities of the :union: of europe in the caucasus show that not only the conflict of the conflict between the interests of and the there is no :...

China has some unique institutional features. For example, the shares of listed firms are segmented into negotiable and nonnegotiable. The controlling shareholders, usually connected to the government, hold nonnegotiable shares. We examine how these institutional features affected cash dividend payments in China during the period 1994-2006. We find that, despite China’s unique institutional set...

The determination of stock prices and equilibrium expected rates of return in a general equilibrium setting is still imperfectly understood. In particular, as Grossman and Shiller (1981) and others have argued, stock returns appear to be too volatile given the smooth process for dividends and consumption growth. Mehra and Prescott (1985) claim that this smoothness in consumption and dividend gr...

Share prices fluctuate far more than dividends. In contemporary lit- erature, this excess volatility is usually discussed involving the Camp- bell-Shiller present value identity. our view, it appropriate to model future dividends and explicitly as random variables. We refer if coefficient of dispersion for share higher dividends. It often presumed that could be properly expli- cated by time-...