Objectives: Sensory neuropathy is the major cause of ulceration in diabetic patients. Periodical sensory examination is an appropriate method to detect neuropathy and decrease the risk of diabetic foot ulcer. Semmes–Weinstein Monofilaments (SWM) and tuning fork on/off test are widely used to assess pressure and vibration sensitivity. The present study evaluated the inter- and intra-rater reliab...

Nutrients are often released heterogeneously over time (e.g., in pulses) natural habitats. Different genotypes of the same plant species may vary their responses to temporal nutrient heterogeneity so that influence intraspecific interactions. To test effects on intra-genet (competition between ramets genotype) and inter-genet competition different genotypes), we conducted a greenhouse experimen...

Use of competition indices in the analysis of forestry experiments may improve detection and understanding of treatment effects, and thereby improve the application of results. In this paper, we compared the performance of 8 indices in an analysis of a spacing trial of four Populus clones planted in pure and mixed clonal plots. Indices were included as covariates in analyses of variance and eva...

Tree communities contribute to maintenance of species diversity in tropical forests. Coexistence many tree is not without competition. Therefore, coexistence and size diversities occur sequentially or simultaneously natural Understanding competition mechanisms requires knowledge interactions within between species. However, conservation efforts strategies failed due inability identify maintain ...