Creating next-generation pyrotechnic emitters capable of dynamically controllable light output requires a paradigm shift away from emission control via formulation. This work demonstrates the ability to modulate intensity flame with 2.46 GHz microwave energy within multimodal cavity. Stoichiometric mixtures three systems are investigated: magnesium fuel oxidizers NaNO3, KNO3, or CsNO3. Using ti...

Intensity modulation and direct detection (IM-DD) systems are widely used in short-reach optical networks. Thus, developing a practical accurate method to characterize nonlinear distortion estimate system performance is essential, as this the foundation of IM-DD design. The amount can be characterized using noise-to-power ratio (NPR). Although measuring NPR notch requires only spectrum analyzer...