Farshid Sadatsharifi has been visiting scholar at the Institute of Islamic Studies in McGill University, Montreal, Canada since 2016. He received his PhD and MA in Persian Language and Literature from Shiraz University, Iran. He also completed his post-doc fellowship in Interdisciplinary Approaches to Literature at the same university. Dr. Sadatsharifi is the co-founder and director of Samaak I...

junayd baghdadi is one of the greatest mystics and theorist of the first mystical tradition. his speeches about cognition and towhid (monotheism) are very valuable. attending to different levels of audiences, he has mentioned different stages for towhid. his remarks about towhid prove that both mystical practices and mystical vision play an important role for achieving the stage of towhid. to r...

A delusion is usually decribed as an erroneous belief of the falseness of which its possessor cannot be persuaded of by reasoning nor by the evidence of his own senses, and which is contrary to the general belief of persons of his own race, age, standing and training. A person who believes that he can raise men from the dead or one who states that he is a canary or another who believes that he ...

We have already stated summarily what the punishment should be for temple-robbing, whether by open force or secretly. But the punishments for the various sorts of insolence in speech or action with regard to the gods, which a man can show in word or deed, have to be proclaimed after we have provided an exordium. Let this be it: "No one believing, as the laws prescribe, in the existence of the g...

Simile, which appears in different modes, is one of the major subjects of a branch of rhetoric called Bayan. Some of these modes, such as intellectual-intellectual and sensible-intellectual are not in harmony with the illuminating   role of simile; therefor, the books on Bayanhardlyhave positive attitudes towards these modes of simile, but contrary to this attitude, such similes appea...

A few years ago (while researching embodied cognition) I focused for some time on disorders of experience, which affect representation or beliefs regarding one’s own body. One of the most fascinating and dramatic disorders was somatoparaphrenia (sometimes also astomatognosia) (Feinberg 2002). This disorder is when the patient believes that, for example, his hand is his aunt’s or wife’s hand. Or...

I shall consider a sequence of episodes in Carnap’s thinking about mathematics beginning with his doctoral dissertation Der Raum (1922), which represents the most explicitly Kantian episode in his thought. I proceed to developments leading up through the Aufbau (1928), then turn to The Logical Syntax of Language (1934)—where the Principle of Tolerance is first officially formulated—and conclude...