Fresco [Wills91] is a programming environment which provides for the rigorous development of object-oriented software from specifications. Specifications are incorporated into the software in the form of abstract classes; and the specification elements of the language can also be used in concrete classes to document the implementations and their development in a style similar to that of [Morgan...

Safety and security are claimed major concerns by the formal FoCaL development environment. In [7] we introduced a safety development cycle customised to FoCaL. In this paper, we examine how to specify and implement a concrete example following this cycle. We show that indeed it is feasible and we present how FoCaL features fit with software best practises like modularity, reuse, fault confinem...

This paper presents two fundamental arguments. Firstly, it is proposed that most of the currently-available systems development methodologies are founded on concepts which emerged in the period from about 1967 to 1977. This argument is presented through the use of literature references. The second argument is that the profile of the development environment now faced in organisations is very dif...

Regional development planning systems contain multiple uncertainties which come from economic restructuring, resource management, carbon peak action, environmental protection, and other factors, it is difficulty to handle all of these in one method. In order solve this problem, a new model developed study combines an interval fuzzy program with quality for regional provide optimal solutions. Th...

Economic and social changes in recent decades led to regional imbalance and inordinate concentration of facilities in some parts and bereavement of other parts. We need to district and regional planning which its objective is providing an appropriate model for balanced distribution of services according to population of settlements or spatial balance in the region. The topics of sust...

This paper accounts for the empowerment of group young people, local guides, in Semarapura Kaja village, Klungkung regency, Bali. It was done due to integrated tourism development. focuses on teaching them English used guiding activities. The materials involve general and etiquettes being a guide. method applied communicative mastery through simplest patterns that are mostly daily involved coun...