This paper provides the review of how integrated circuits have dominated the market, changing trends in its development and research work conducted in the field of integrated circuits.

Background and Objectives: Recently, photonic crystals have been considered as the basic structures for the realization of various optical devices for high speed optical communication. Methods: In this research, two dimensional photonic crystals are used for designing all optical logic gates. A photonic crystal structure with a triangular lattice is proposed for making NAND, XNOR, and OR optica...

Switched current circuits cover such important areas of application like filtering systems, neural networks, A/D and D/A conversion. In this paper very simple and effective design method and practical realization of switched current filters has been presented. Current mode circuits, because of their special structure, need appropriate methodology during design preparation. This paper is an over...

Integrated Systems Group is focused on several key design aspects of modern integrated systems. The group is focused on building cutting edge, energy-efficient integrated systems through vertical optimization encompassing communications and signal processing algorithms and architectures, and digital and mixed-signal circuits. The main research topics include modeling of noise and dynamics in ci...

Integrated Systems Group is focused on several key design aspects of modern integrated systems. The group is focused on building cutting edge, energy-efficient integrated systems through vertical optimization encompassing communications and signal processing algorithms and architectures, and digital and mixed-signal circuits. The main research topics include modeling of noise and dynamics in ci...

5 ASIC Technologies 8 5.1 Full Custom Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.2 Standard Cell ASIC Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5.3 Gate Array ASIC Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.4 Sea-of-Gates ASIC Technology . . . . . . . . . . . ....