Background Although glucose is indispensable for the stimulation of insulin release, numerous other insulin secretagogues have been identified. For instance, the dietary monosaccharide fructose potentiates insulin secretion in vitro, but the mechanism and physiological significance remains unclear. The T1R2-T1R3 heterodimer of G protein-coupled receptors mediates sweet sensing in the tongue and...

The release behavior of insulin from a plasma-irradiated sandwitch (PIS) device using poly-DL-lactic acid (PLA) was studied. The controlled release device can be obtained by oxygen plasma irradiation (radiofrequency discharge operating at 13.56 MHz) on the outer layer of the sandwitch device which was fabricated from an insulin-PLA matrix tablet as a core material and a mixture of plasma-degrad...

The purpose of this study was to examine the response of pancreatic beta-cells to changes in insulin sensitivity in women at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) and frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests (FSIGTs) were conducted on Latino women with impaired glucose tolerance and a history of gestational diabetes before and after 12 weeks of treatm...

Insulin in low concentrations inhibits the uptake of Ca(++) by the monooctadecyl (stearyl) phosphate monolayer (at air-water interface) and facilitates the release of Ca(++) adsorbed to the monolayer. These effects of insulin are more pronounced at higher insulin concentrations. Evidence is presented that a relatively intact insulin molecule competes with Ca(++) for the free phosphate group of ...

OBJECTIVE To study expression of the recently identified adipokine dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of patients with various BMIs and insulin sensitivities, as well as to assess circulating DPP4 in relation to obesity and insulin sensitivity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS DPP4 expression was measured in SAT and VAT from 196 sub...

To study the local tissue lactate production in the normal state and its possible disturbances in insulin resistance, rates of lactate release from adipose tissue (AT) and skeletal muscle (SM) were compared postabsorptively and during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp in 11 healthy nonobese and 11 insulin-resistant obese women. A combination of microdialysis, to measure interstitial lactate, ...

Leptin, the ob gene product that can decrease caloric intake and increase energy expenditure, is functionally released by insulin from adipose tissue. Adenosine is thought to be an important regulator of the action of insulin in adipose tissue. The present study investigated the role of adenosine in the release of leptin by insulin in isolated rat white adipocytes. Release of leptin, measured b...

Antidiabetic and insulin secretagogues activity of Momordica dioica has been reported earlier. In the present work, the effect of Aqueous Extract of Momordica dioica (AEMD) was studied on insulin secretion with an evaluation of its mechanisms of action. Phytochemical analysis of AEMD was also carried out. AEMD showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and sugars. Isolated...

We present an overview of the preparation and properties of layer-by-layer (LbL) deposited thin films and microcapsules in relation to their use in the development of biosensors and controlled release systems. Enzyme biosensors can be constructed by immobilizing enzymes on the surface of electrodes by LbL deposition without loss of their catalytic activity. In addition to synthetic polymers, ...