BACKGROUND Insulin is the drug therapy for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A number of attempts have been made in the past to overcome the problems associated with the oral delivery of insulin, but with little success. Orally administered insulin has encountered with many difficulties such as rapid degradation and poor intestinal absorption. The potential use of D-α-tocophero...

In this study, we designed and developed a new drug delivery system of multifunctional composite microcapsules for oral administration of insulin. Firstly, in order to enhance the encapsulation efficiency, insulin was complexed with functional sodium deoxycholate to form insulin-sodium deoxycholate complex using hydrophobic ion pairing method. Then the complex was encapsulated into poly(lactide...

Glucose sensing and insulin delivery technology can potentially be linked to form a closed-loop insulin delivery system. Ideally, such a system would establish normal physiologic glucose profiles. To this end, a model of beta-cell secretion can potentially provide insight into the preferred structure of the insulin delivery algorithm. Two secretion models were evaluated for their ability to des...

Antidiabetic agents can be delivered orally or with a syringe, but other options are also available, such as insulin and non-insulin pen devices and insulin pumps. This article reviews the available delivery devices and their current place in therapy.

The desire to deliver measured amount of insulin continuously to patients with type I diabetes, for glycemic control, has attracted a lot of attention. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion has seen some success in recent years. However, occlusion of insulin delivery may prevent the patient from receiving the prescribed dosage, with adverse consequence. An in vitro study of insulin delivery ...

The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes is intimately intertwined with the vasculature. Insulin must efficiently enter the bloodstream from pancreatic beta-cells, circulate throughout the body, and efficiently exit the bloodstream to reach target tissues and mediate its effects. Defects in the vasculature of pancreatic islets can lead to diabetic phenotypes. Similarly, insulin resistance is accompa...

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the unsteady micro-flow driven by an insulin pump commonly used in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy. A microscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) system was used to characterize the transient behavior of the micro-flow upon the pulsed excitation of the insulin pump in order to elucidate the underlying physics for a bett...

Insulin pen delivery systems are preferred by patients over the traditional vial and syringe method for insulin delivery because they are simple and easy to use, improve confidence in dosing insulin, and have less interference with activities and improved discretion with use. Insulin manufacturers have made numerous improvements to their first marketed pen devices and are now introducing their ...

or any of the other journals published by The Endocrine Endocrine Reviews To subscribe to The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes is intimately intertwined with the vasculature. Insulin must efficiently enter the bloodstream from pancreatic ␤-cells, circulate throughout the body, and efficiently exit the bloodstream to reach target tissues and mediate its effects. Defects in the vasculature of panc...